Maritime Security Cooperation in the Gulf of Guinea by Ali, Kamal-Deen;

Prospects and Challenges

Sorozatcím: Publications on Ocean Development; 79;

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Kiadás sorszáma xvi, 372 pp.
Kiadó Brill | Nijhoff
Megjelenés dátuma 2015. augusztus 7.

ISBN 9789004301030
Kötéstípus Keménykötés
Terjedelem372 oldal
Méret 235x155 mm
Súly 717 g
Nyelv angol

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Rövid leírás:

In Maritime Security Cooperation in the Guinea: Prospects and Challenges, Kamal-Deen Ali provides ground-breaking analyses of the maritime security situation in the Gulf of Guinea.

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Hosszú leírás:

In Maritime Security Cooperation in the Guinea: Prospects and Challenges, Kamal-Deen Ali provides ground-breaking analyses of the maritime security situation in the Gulf of Guinea and its implications for shipping, energy security, sustainable fisheries as well as national and regional security. The book juxtaposes the growing strategic importance of the Gulf of Guinea against the rising insecurity in the maritime domain, especially from piracy. Ali points out key gaps in prevailing regional and international approaches to maritime security cooperation in the Gulf of Guinea and sets out several suggestions for combating piracy as well as other maritime security threats while effectively enhancing maritime security cooperation in the region.

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Tartalomjegyzék:

PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
LIST OF ACRONYMS
TABLES AND FIGURES
CHAPTER ONE
A COMPLEX CASE OF MARITIME INSECURITY
1.1A STRATEGIC MARITIME PROFILE
1.2A RISING
-COMPLEX PIRACY
1.3CRUCIBLE OF INSECURITY
1.4PARADOX OF OPPORTUNITY AND CHALLENGES
1.5INTERROGATING PREVAILING RESPONSES
1.6IN SEARCH OF COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH
1.7SCOPE OF THE BOOK AND CHAPTER OUTLINE
PART I PROFILE AND STRATEGIC CONTEXT
CHAPTER TWO
DEFINITION AND SOCIO
-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF THE GULF OF GUINEA
2.1INTRODUCTION
2.2DEFINING THE GULF OF GUINEA REGION
2.2.1The Gulf of Guinea in Academic Literature
2.2.2Institutional Conceptions of the Gulf of Guinea
2.2.3Evolving Global Concept of the Gulf of Guinea
2.2.4Author’s Working Definition of the Gulf of Guinea
2.2.5Regional Organisations of the Gulf of Guinea
2.3 SUMMARY OF THE SOCIO
-ECONOMIC AND MARITIME PROFILE OF THE GULF OF GUINEA
2.4CONCLUSION
CHAPTER THREE
THE SEA AS THE GEOSTRATEGIC ESSENCE OF THE GULF OF GUINEA: A HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY OVERVIEW29
3.1INTRODUCTION
3.2 A GEOPOLTICAL HISTORY FROM THE OCEAN
3.2.1 Gulf of Guinea and the birth of Mare Liberum Doctrine
3.2.2Gulf Guinea and the Industrial Revolution
3.2.3 The Gulf of Guinea as the Epoch of Seapower and Maritime Power Concepts
3.3 A GEOSTRATEGIC FUTURE IN THE SEA
3.3.1 International Trade and Shipping
3.3.1.1Export Trade
3.3.1.2 Import Trade
3.3.1.3Transit Trade of Landlocked States
3.3.2 The Gulf of Guinea and Global Energy Security
3.3.2.1Gulf of Guinea Oil and Gas Reserves
3.3.2.2Comparative Advantages of Gulf of Guinea Oil and Gas Reserves47
3.3.2.3United States Oil and Gas Interest in the Gulf of Guinea
3.3.2.4Oil and Gas Interest of the European Union in the Gulf of Guinea
3.3.2.5China’s Energy Activities in the Gulf of Guinea
3.3.2.6Oil Power, Governance and Maritime Security
3.3.3Gulf of Guinea Marine Living Resources
3.3.3.1Socio
-economic Importance of Fisheries
3.3.3.2External Interest in Gulf of Guinea Fisheries
3.3.4 Submarine Cables and Pipelines
3.4 CONCLUSION
PART II MARITIME SECURITY IN THE GULF OF GUINEA
CHAPTER FOUR
CONCEPTUALIZATION OF MARITIME SECURITY AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE GULF OF GUINEA
4.1INTRODUCTION
4.2 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CONCEPT OF SECURITY AND MARITIME SECURITY
4.2.1A State
-Centric Approach to the Concept of Security
4.2.2 Broader Concept of Security
4.2.3 Traditional versus Restated Concepts of Security and the Definition of Key Terms – ‘threats’ and ‘challenges’
4.2.4Embedded Elements in the Concept of Security
4.2.5 Concept of Security Cooperation
4.2.6 Relating the Concept of Security to Maritime Security
4.3CONCEPT OF MARITIME SECURITY
4.3.1The Concept of Security in Maritime Security Literature
4.3.2 Definitions and Approaches to the Concept of Maritime Security
4.3.3 Evolution of the Concept of Maritime Security
4.3.2.1Maritime Transportation Security
4.3.2.2 Mare Clausum and National Security Interests
4.3.2.3 Offshore Energy Security
4.3.2.4The Exclusive Economic Zone and Further Dimensions of Maritime Security
4.3.2.5 Naval Constabulary Roles and the Construction of Maritime Security
4.3.2.6Post
-9/11 Maritime Security
4.3.2.7 The 2008 Oceans and the Law of Sea Report and the Harmonisation of Maritime Security
4.4AN ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK FOR MARITIME SECURITY IN THE GULF OF GUINEA
4.4.1 Gulf of Guinea Maritime Security Threat Path
4.4.2Thematic Concerns of Gulf of Guinea Maritime Security
4.5CONCLUSION
CHAPTER FIVE
OVERVIEW OF MARITIME SECURITY CHALLENGES IN THE GULF OF GUINEA
5.1INTRODUCTION
5.2 PIRACY AND ARMED ROBBERY AT SEA
5.3ILLICIT DRUG TRAFFICKING IN THE GULF OF GUINEA
5.3.1Drug Vessels and Transhipment at Sea
5.3.2Cocaine in Shipping Containers
5.3.3Implications of Drug Trafficking For National and Regional Security
5.4ILLEGAL MIGRATION BY SEA
5.6ILLICIT TRAFFICKING IN WEAPONS
5.5DECLINING FISHERIES AS A MARITIME SECURITY THREAT
5.5.1Scale and Cost of IUU Fishing in the Gulf of Guinea
5.5.2Clarification the Concept of IUU Fishing and Its Limitations as an Instrument for Fisheries Management.
5.5.3 The Need for a Broader Approach and the Governance Dimension to IUU Fishing
5.5.4Implications of Declining Fisheries in the Gulf of Guinea
5.7OFFSHORE ENERGY SECURITY CONCERNS AND CHALLENGES
5.7.1The Nature of Offshore Oil and Gas Infrastructure
5.7.2Safety and Security Concerns of Offshore Infrastructure
5.8CONCLUSION
CHAPTER SIX
A CASE STUDY OF PIRACY AND ARMED ROBBERY IN THE GULF OF GUINEA
6.1INTRODUCTION
6. 2 LEGAL, CONCEPTUAL AND INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS OF PIRACY AND ARMED ROBBERY AGAINST SHIPS
6.2.1Nature, Definition and Jurisdiction over Piracy
6.2.1.1A Crime of Universal Jurisdiction
6.2.1.2 Acts of Violence, Detention, Depredation and Facilitation
6.2.1.3Committed on the High Seas
6.2.1.4Private Ship or Aircraft against Private Ship or Aircraft147
6.2.1.5Committed for Private Ends
6.2.2Armed Robbery at Sea
-Nature, Definition and Jurisdiction
6.2.3Implications of the Somali Experience for the Future Development of the Law on Piracy and Armed Robbery at Sea
6.2.4Institutional Approaches to Piratical Incidents
6.2.4.1International Maritime Organization
6.2.4.2International Maritime Bureau
6.3OVERVIEW AND DISTRIBUTION OF GULF OF GUINEA PIRACY AND ARMED ROBBERY INCIDENTS
6.3.1Piracy Statistics in the Gulf of Guinea
6.3.2Piracy Hot Spots and Enclaves
6.4THE PARADIGM OF GULF OF GUINEA PIRACY
6.4.1The Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta
6.4.2Rising Threat and the Amnesty Pact
6.4.3An Insurgency, Criminality, Piracy, and Security Complex
6.5EVOLUTION OF THE NIGER DELTA INSURGENT INTO A REGIONAL MARITIME SECURITY THREAT
6.5.1Opportunistic Sea Robbery
6.5.2Widening the Enclave: Prodding and Surges
6.5.3Pursuit and Violence
6.5.4Full
-Scale Insurgent
-Piracy
6.5.5Regional Threat and Piracy Networks: The Benin case
6.5.6Togo in the Claws: Post–Operation Prosperity
6.5.7Cote d’Ivoire under Siege: Nowhere Is Safe
6.6EMERGENT PROFILE AND FUTURE PROJECTION
6.6.1Widening of the Niger Delta Factor
6.6.2Other Piratical Groups within the Primary Piracy Enclave
6.6.3Concerns in the Secondary Piracy Enclave
6.6.4Threats beyond Piracy
6.7 IMPLICATIONS OF GULF OF GUINEA PIRACY FOR REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY
6.7.1Transportation Security
6.7.2Global Trade and Economy
6.7.3The Energy Security Dimension
6.7.4Economic and Food Security of Gulf of Guinea States
6.7.5 Regional and National Security
6.8SITUATING GULF OF GUINEA PIRACY WITHIN CONTEMPORARY PIRACY THEORIES AND PROVIDING FOR THE GOVERNANCE DIMENSION
6.8.1Piracy as a Social Problem
6.8.2Piracy as a Symptom of Failed States
6.8.3Business Model of Piracy
6.8.4The Piracy Cycle
6.8.5The Governance Factor in Gulf of Guinea Piracy
6.9CONCLUSION
PART III
ASSESSMENT OF RESPONSES AND COOPERATIVE INITIATIVES
CHAPTER SEVEN
ASSESSMENT OF IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND EMERGING LEGAL COMPLEXITIES
7.1INTRODUCTION
7.2IMPLEMENTATION OF THE LAW OF THE SEA CONVENTION IN THE GULF OF GUINEA
7.2.2Overview of the Framework of the Law of the Sea Convention
7.2.2.1 Territorial Sea and the Protection of Sovereignty and Security Interests
7.2.2.2 Policing and Enforcement Rights in the Contiguous Zone
7.2.2.3Resource and Security Interests in the Exclusive Economic Zone and on the Continental Shelf
7.2.2.4Enforcement Jurisdiction on the High Seas
7.2.2.5 Framework for Maritime Boundary Delimitation
7.2.3Assessment of the Implementation of UNCLOS in the Gulf of Guinea
7.2.3.1 Status of Ratification of the Law of the Sea Convention and the Exercise of Appropriate Jurisdiction
7.2.3.2Implementation of Framework on Piracy
7.2.3.3State of Maritime Boundary Delimitation in the Gulf of Guinea in the impact on security and jurisdiction
7.2.3.4Implications of Maritime Boundaries for Peace and Security in the Gulf of Guinea
7.3IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FRAMEWORK FOR THE SUPPRESSION OF UNLAWFUL ACTS AGAINST SAFETY OF NAVIGATION AND FIXED PLATFORMS
7.3.1Background to the SUA Framework
7.3.2Overview of the SUA Framework for Maritime Security
7.3.2.11988 SUA Convention
7.3.2.2 1988 SUA Protocol
7.3.2.3The 2005 SUA Protocols
7.3.3 Assessment of Implementation of the SUA Framework to the Gulf of Guinea
7.4IMPLEMENTATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION AGAINST ILLICIT DRUG TRAFFICKING IN THE GULF OF GUINEA
7.4.1Background to the United Nations Convention against Drug Trafficking
7.4.2Framework of the UN Drug Convention
7.4.3Assessment of Implementation of Counter
-Narcotics Reponses in the Gulf of Guinea
7.5IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL FRAMEWORK AGAINST TRANSNATIONAL ORGANISED CRIMES
7.5.1 Background to United Nations Transnational Organized Crime Convention
7.5.2Scope and Content of Transnational Organized Crime Instruments
7.5.3 Implementation of TOC Instruments in the Gulf of Guinea
7.5.3.1Implementation of Protocols on Illegal Migration
7.5.3.2Implementation of the Protocol against Illicit Weapon Trafficking
7.6IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORKS FOR FISHERIES GOVERNANCE IN THE GULF OF GUINEA
7.6.1 Binding Fisheries Governance Frameworks
7.6.1.1UNCLOS Framework on Fisheries Governance
7.6.1.2FAO Compliance Agreement
7.6.1.3 United Nations Fish Stock Agreement
7.6.1.4FAO Port State Measures Agreement
7.6.2 Non
-binding Fisheries Governance Frameworks
7.6.2.1FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries
7.6.2.2International Plan of Action against Illegal and Unreported Unregulated Fishing
7.6.3Assessment of the Implementation of Fisheries Governance Frameworks by Gulf of Guinea States
7.6.3.1Ratification of Binding Instruments
7.6.3.2Implementation of the IPOA
-IUU
7.6.3.3Implementation of Port State Measures
7.7EMERGING JURISDICTIONAL COMPLEXITIES IN GULF OF GUINEA PIRACY
7.7CONCLUSION
CHAPTER EIGHT
PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES OF REGIONAL COOPERATIVE INITIATIVES
8.1INTRODUCTION
8.2COOPERATIVE PLATFORMS AND EVOLVING INITIATIVES
8.2.1The Maritime Organization for West and Central Africa and the Integrated Coastguard Network Project
8.2.2The Gulf of Guinea Commission
8.2.3Maritime Security Initiatives of the Economic Community of West African States
8.2.4Maritime Security Framework of the Economic Community of Central African States
8.3STRUCTURAL CHALLENGES AND LIMITATIONS
8.3.1 Political and Institutional Authority
8.3.2 Jurisdictional and Sovereignty Issues
8.3.3 Multiplicity of Approaches and Deepening Uncertainty
8.3.4 Limited Capability and Funding
8.3.5Inadequate Enforcement Framework and Interoperability Issues
8.3.6 Lack of Comprehensiveness
8.3.7 Maritime Boundaries Disputes
8.4GEOPOLITICAL CHALLENGES
8.4.1Nemesis of the Gulf of Guinea Commission
8.4.2 ECCAS –Tensions and the Test Ahead
8.4.3ECOWAS Region
- Old Troubles in a New Phase
8.4.4“New Security” and the Demands of New Relations
8.4.5The Mauritania Factor
8.5LAND
-SEA NEXUS AND MARITIME SECURITY
8.5.1Instability, Political Leadership and Insecurity
8.5.2Institutional Effectiveness and Coordination
8.5.3Corruption and Lack of Transparency
8.5.4Governance of Offshore Resources
8.5.5Security Governance, Culture and Reform
8.6CONCLUSION
CHAPTER NINE
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND THE DYNAMICS OF MARITIME SECURITY IN THE GULF OF GUINEA
9.1INTRODUCTION
9.2UNITED STATES AND MARITIME SECURITY IN THE GULF OF GUINEA
9.2.1 United States Maritime Security Policy Framework
9.2.2 Birth of the United States African Command
9.2.3 The African Partnership Station
9.2.4 Role of the United States in Promoting Maritime Security Cooperation in the Gulf of Guinea
9.2.5United States Logistics Support and Capacity Building
9.3FRANCE AND MARITIME SECURITY IN THE GULF OF GUINEA
9.3.1 France’s Strategic and Maritime Security Interest in the Gulf of Guinea
9.3.2France’s Framework for Maritime Security Cooperation in the Gulf of Guinea
9.4UNITED KINGDOM AND GULF OF GUINEA MARITIME SECURITY
9.4.1A Maritime Nation with a Maritime Interest
9.4.2United Kingdom Cooperative Maritime Strategy for the Gulf of Guinea
9.5THE EUROPEAN UNION AND GULF OF GUINEA MARITIME SECURITY
9.5.1Maritime Interest of the European Union in the Gulf of Guinea
9.5.2EU Maritime Security Cooperative Framework in the Gulf of Guinea
9.6CHINA AND GULF OF GUINEA MARITIME SECURITY
9.6.1China’s Maritime Security Interest in the Gulf of Guinea.
9.6.2China’s Opportunities and Challenges in Participating in Gulf of Guinea Cooperative Frameworks
9.7CHALLENGES AND LIMITATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL CONTRIBUTION TO MARITIME SECURITY IN THE GULF OF GUINEA
9.7.1 Multiplicity and Coordination
9.7.2 Cooperation, Compromise or Competition?
9.7.3 In Search of Inclusive Maritime Security
9.7.4 Inadequate Logistics and Financial Support
9.7.5Two Contrasting Global Responses – Gulf of Guinea vrs Indian Ocean
9.7.6 Ownership versus Privatisation of Security
9.7.7The Overlaps of Sovereignty, Governance and Responsibility
9.7.8Inadequate Legal Framework
9.8CONCLUSION
CHAPTER TEN
ENHANCING MARITIME SECURITY IN THE GULF OF GUINEA
THREATS, OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
TOWARDS A COMPREHENSIVE FRAMEWORK FOR MARITIME SECURITY IN THE GULF OF GUINEA
BIBLIOGRAPHY