Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers and Other Emerging Infections by Buchmeier, Michael; Peters, Clarence J;

Hosszú leírás:

Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are a group of illnesses that are caused by several distinct families of viruses. While some types of hemorrhagic fever viruses can cause relatively mild illnesses, many of these viruses cause severe life-threatening disease. Some examples include: Lassa fever, Marburg virus, Ebola virus, Bolivian hemorrhagic fever, Korean hemorrhagic fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever and Dengue hemorrhagic fever.

No current treatment can cure viral hemorrhagic fevers, and immunizations exist for only two (yellow fever and Argentine hemorrhagic fever) of the many VHFs. Researchers are working to develop other vaccines, but in the meantime, the best approach is prevention.

This volume will provide a review of what is known to date on these virus families as well as highlighting recent advances and future needs.

Tartalomjegyzék:

Introduction

Viral Hemorhagic fevers: The Global Problem - F.A. Murphy, U.C. Davis
What are the factors in emergence and what should we expect in the next decade and later? 40 pp

Phylogeny of HFV's - Stuart Nichol, CDC
What have phylogenetic studies done to help in outbreak control, understanding the natural history, and in understanding emergence of VHF?

Rodent reservoirs of arenaviruses and hantaviruses - Jim Mills, CDC
What are the evolving patterns of host ?virus interaction? What determines prevalence of rodent infection and human risk? Are there refugia? Are there ecological generalizations that we can make?

Consequences of Endothelial Infections - Sherif Zaki, CDC
What is the role of endothelial infection in VHF? In which VHF has it been identified? How does it bring about pathogenesis? How does this contrast and interact with macrophage infection?

Important unresolved issues in VHF - Buchmeier, Peters
Need for antivirals in Ebola. Understanding of genetic changes in emergence (filos, particularly). Understanding of natural cycle (filos, particularly). Reverse genetics and innate immune responses to arenas.

Filoviruses

Recent Clinical, epidemiological, nosocomial transmission observations on filoviruses - Dan Bausch and Scott Dowell
What is the overall picture of transmission and risk factors? Contrast with ongoing problems such as HIV, plague, SARS. What did we learn from the intensive studies of 1995? What have we learned from the recent Marburg and Ebola-Sudan outbreaks? Clinical picture, therapy, nosocomial transmission. What is the risk of nosocomial infection and what are the precautions that can prevent it in the African setting?

Pathogenesis, vaccines - Gary Nabel
What are the roles of different viral proteins in protection and pathogenesis? What is needed in terms of a protective vaccine? In light of above, what is the response elicited by adenovirus vaccine and how does it predict protection? How would vaccines be tested and used in humans?

Cytokine Responses - Eric Leroi
What do these mean in terms of pathogenesis? What are the data on humans and non-human primates and how do they fit together?

Virulence Factors - Yoshi Kawaoka and Heinz Feldmann
How do these viruses make you sick and how do they suppress or escape the primate immune system? How do they evade making a neutralizing antibody response? How does the recent VSV based vaccine illuminate this?

Lessons from macaque pathogenesis - Geisbert, Jahrling
How does such a model contribute uniquely to our understanding? What are some of the big lessons ? eg, apoptosis of lymphocytes, DIC, early endothelial involvement, antithrombin Rx. Be synoptic and synthetic.

What are the insights from the mouse model for Ebola? - Mike Bray, NIAID
Utilization of the model for screening. Unique insights from having murine immune system reagents. What are the limitations?

Arenaviruses

Virology and immunology of arenaviral HF - Michael Buchmeier
Musings over epitopes.

South American hemorhagic fevers - Delia Enria, Robt. Tesh
What are the new epidemiological findings? Control? Understanding of pathogenesis?