Social Deviance and Crime
An Organizational and Theoretical Approach
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A termék adatai:
- Kiadó OUP USA
- Megjelenés dátuma 2000. április 4.
- ISBN 9780195329957
- Kötéstípus Keménykötés
- Terjedelem728 oldal
- Méret 183x257x45 mm
- Súly 1500 g
- Nyelv angol
- Illusztrációk halftones & line illus. 0
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Rövid leírás:
Social Deviance and Crime unites two topics that are usually separated: the study of social deviance and the study of criminal behavior. Traditionally, the study of deviance introduces students to various types of deviance, giving the impression that these are distinct acts requiring equally distinct and unique explanations.
TöbbHosszú leírás:
Social Deviance and Crime unites two topics that are usually separated: the study of social deviance and the study of criminal behavior. Traditionally, the study of deviance introduces students to various types of deviance, giving the impression that these are distinct acts requiring equally distinct and unique explanations. The study of crime has followed virtually the same path. Criminology textbooks usually describe a series of criminal acts, one at a time, fostering the impression that these acts have only one thing in common--they are all violations of the criminal law. As a result, treatment of deviance and crime in most texts has proceeded along two different and parallel tracts, with little or no convergence.
In Social Deviance and Crime, Tittle and Paternoster contend that acts of social deviance and criminality share important conceptual ground: both are types of behaviors that are socially disapproved, and specific acts differ mainly in the degree to which they are disapproved. The authors argue that social disapproval is an important characteristic that links apparently diverse behaviors (religious and sexual deviance, organized crime, youth gangs, drug use, serial murder, etc.). This book differs significantly from other texts in the way it bridges deviance and crime within a single conceptual and explanatory framework.
Social Deviance and Crime's approach is also unique. Texts in criminology and deviance often adopt either an "interactionist/constructionist" or a "substantive" perspective. This book treats deviance as an integrated concept, differentiated chiefly by how well deviant/criminal enterprises are organized. The authors describe and analyze different types of deviant/criminal acts according to an ascending scale created by combining nine different features of organization. The text then explores theories and explanations about how deviance takes place, how it develops, and why it is maintained. Also included is a discussion of variations in the distribution/rate of deviant acts within society, and how theory can and cannot account for these known variations.
Tittle and Paternoster interweave conceptual and empirical material together, giving students an opportunity to understand the impact of theory on research. Every chapter features Deviance in Everyday Life boxes. Here, the authors provide vivid, real-world examples of deviance, deviance organization, and attempts by society to "do something about" deviance.
Tartalomjegyzék:
1. What Is Deviance?
Conceptualizations of Deviance
Absolutist Approach
Legalistic Approach
Reactive Approach
Group Evaluation Approach
A Synthetic Approach
Legality and Deviance
Applications Examples
2. Types Of Deviance
Classification A
Middle-Class
Norm-Based
Typology
The Organization of Crime and Deviance
The Organizational Continuum
3. Individualized Deviance
Introduction
Suicide
What Is Suicide?
How Much Suicide Is There?
Characteristics of Suicide
Serial Murder
What Is Serial Murder?
A Brief History of Serial Murder
The Prevalence of Serial Killing
Characteristics of Serial Killing
4. Subcultural Deviance
Deviant Drug Use
What Is Deviant Drug Use?
A Common Conceptualization of Drugs
Classification of Deviantly Used Drugs
Variations in Drug Use
How Organized Is Drug Use?
Street Gangs
What Is Gang Delinquency?
The Criminal Activity of Gangs
Extent of Street Gangs: The 'Gang Problem'
Composition of Gangs
How Organized Is the Gang?
5. Fully Organized Deviance
Perfectionism
What Was Perfectionism?
Organized Deviance
How Organized Was Perfectionism?
Organized Crime
What Is Organized Crime?
How Organized Is Organized Crime?
Does Organized Crime Even Exist?
Multinational and International Organized Crime
6. Deviance/Crime and Society
The Inevitability of Deviance
Possible Usefulness of Deviance
The Elasticity of Evil
General Theories About Norms
Anomalies to Be Explained
Explanations for the Anomalies
Consensus Theory
Conflict Theory
Social Psychological Theory
Limited Perspectives
Processes of Deviance Creation
7. Deviance/Crime and Social Change
Deviance and Social Processes
Types of Social Change
How Deviance Gets Started
Sources of New Behavior
Transforming Behavior Into Deviance
How Deviance Succeeds
Recruitment Intensified
Opposition
Problems of Growth and Expansion
The Fruits of Success Examples
8. Extent of Deviance and Conformity
How Much Conformity Is There?
How Much Deviance Is There?
Sources of Information
Generational Variations
9. Who Does Deviance and Crime?
Demographic Variations
Gender
Age
Minority Status
Social Attachment
Place of Residence
Socioeconomic Status
Geographic Location
Regional Variations
Personal Variations
Intelligence
Personality
Religiosity
Family Structure and Process
Peer Involvement
10. Ad Hoc Explanations
Gender
Age
Socio-Economic Status
Minority Status
Social Attachment
Size of Settlement
Geographic Location
Personality
Family Structure and Process
Peer Association
Prior Deviance
11. External Motivation Theories
Learning
Structural Inducements
Situational Inducements
Interaction Process
12. Internal Motivation Theories
Self Theories
Reactance Theory
Psycho-Dynamic Theory
13. Internal Constraint Theories
Self Control
Morality Theories
14. External Constraint Theories
Deterrence
Social Control
15. Integrated Theory
Requirements for Successful Theory
Control Balance Theory
The Basic Idea
The Theoretical Argument
Application to Societies and Other Organizations
A Related Application
Contingencies for the Control Balancing Process Integration
16. Theories of Rate Variations
Rate Variations
Theories of Societal Rate Variations
Generalizing Micro Level Principles
Theories Specific to Ecological Units
Theories That Apply to Ecological Units and to Individuals
17. The Relevance of Practitioner Organization for Theories of Deviance
Practitioner Organization and External Motivation Theories
Practitioner Organization and Internal Motivation Theories
Practitioner Organization and Internal Constraint Theories
Practitioner Organization and External Constraint Theories
Practitioner Organization and Integrated Theories
Practitioner Organization and Theories of Rate Variation
Aggregated Micro Theories
Ecological Theories
Theories That Apply to Ecological Units and to Individuals
