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    Kívánságlista
    Renegotiating French Identity: Musical Culture and Creativity in France during Vichy and the German Occupation

    Renegotiating French Identity by Fulcher, Jane F.;

    Musical Culture and Creativity in France during Vichy and the German Occupation

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    A termék adatai:

    • Kiadó OUP USA
    • Megjelenés dátuma 2018. május 24.

    • ISBN 9780190681500
    • Kötéstípus Keménykötés
    • Terjedelem504 oldal
    • Méret 157x236x35 mm
    • Súly 862 g
    • Nyelv angol
    • Illusztrációk 12
    • 0

    Kategóriák

    Rövid leírás:

    In Renegotiating French Identity, Jane Fulcher addresses the question of cultural resistance to the German occupation and Vichy regime during the Second World War, specifically by addressing the role of music.

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    Hosszú leírás:

    In Renegotiating French Identity, Jane Fulcher addresses the question of cultural resistance to the German occupation and Vichy regime during the Second World War. Nazi Germany famously stressed music as a marker of national identity and cultural achievement, but so too did Vichy. From the opera to the symphony, music did not only serve the interests of Vichy and German propaganda: it also helped to reveal the motives behind them, and to awaken resistance among those growing disillusioned by the regime. Using unexplored Resistance documents, from both the clandestine press and the French National Archives, Fulcher looks at the responses of specific artists and their means of resistance, addressing in turn Pierre Schaeffer, Arthur Honegger, Francis Poulenc, and Olivier Messiaen, among others. This book investigates the role that music played in fostering a profound awareness of the cultural and political differences between conflicting French ideological positions, as criticism of Vichy and its policies mounted.

    Fulcher's text is a great contribution to the existing body of scholarship on the Vichy regime and musicological studies on the occupation of France, especially as we confront the evils of racial hatred today.

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    Tartalomjegyzék:

    Acknowledgments
    Introduction: The new historiography of Vichy and recent theoretical insights: implications for study of the music created and performed
    Recent historiographic insights into the regime's conflicting visions and evolution
    Initial new directions in larger studies of Vichy culture
    New issues: dual surveillance, the complex bureaucratic matrix, and the cultural field
    Vichy's musical culture and the still looming questions: what did result, when, and where?
    Concomitant theoretical issues: how were musical works inscribed, framed, and read?
    Public and creative responses: the question of collective and individual French identity
    What constituted resistance in music, and what kinds of innovations did it foster?
    Reformulating older questions and posing new ones
    1. The essential political and institutional background
    Beyond a monolithic view of Vichy and its doctrine of the Révolution Nationale
    Vichy and its relation to the Germans
    Vichy's brand of patriotism and nationalism
    Beneath the apparent traditionalism
    The evolution of the regime and the significant markers
    German and Vichy repression, and the development of the resistance
    Vichy's reconstruction of French identity
    Vichy's negotiations of French cultural identity
    Vichy and the question of the French national heritage, or cultural tradition
    The limits allowed by the Germans in the reconfiguration of French national identity
    Vichy's cultural institutions and the divergent, evolving mandates
    A consistent Vichy cultural agenda?
    Beyond conceptions of a Vichy patriotic "double game"
    A Vichy musical program? Its evolving aims and the musical field
    The role of Ministers of National Education and of the Secrétaire Générale in music
    The role of the Germans and their interest in concerts and in the musical press
    German and French broadcasts of classical concerts
    The Germans and the Paris Conservatoire
    The Germans and intervention in French recordings
    Vichy's own constraints and shifting goals in music
    Vichy "experts" in music, and the case of Jacques Rouché
    Another Vichy "expert"-Alfred Cortot
    Vichy and its goals in recordings
    Vichy's corporate organization of the musical profession
    Vichy and state commissions in music
    The Case of the opéra: Rouché's initial latitude but growing Vichy and German Pressures
    Vichy's interest in the Conservatoire and its regional branches
    Subversion within institutions and performance venues
    The development of the musical resistance and its response both to the Germans and to Vichy
    2. Re-inscribing, framing, and subverting an operatic icon: Debussy's Pelléas et Mélisande
    The double advantage of both Berlioz and Debussy
    Pelléas: its nature, style, and the initial French reception in 1940
    Désormière's "classic" interpretation in a still relatively autonomous musical field
    The 1940 production and the opera's enunciation within the context
    Ambiguity, liminality, and the opera's impact at Vichy's start
    Pelléas at Vichy: refocusing the opera's national significance through performance
    The recording of Pelléas and its increasing dissonance with the new discursive framing
    Resistance responses to the Franco-German cultural discourse
    Pelléas and the battle over national memory: the 1942 commemoration and production in Paris
    The discursive framing and context of the 1942 production of Pelléas
    Vichy's political turn, mounting resistance, and the 1943 Debussy commemoration
    The Resistance appropriation of Debussy and of Pelléas
    Debussy as emblematic of authentic French classicism
    Debussy and Pelléas as cultural emblems of liberation
    From propaganda to national healing: Debussy in the reconstruction of cultural memory
    3. From the legal to the illegal: Schaeffer's journey toward resistance and artistic exploration
    Vichy's attempt to remake French youth and Schaeffer's own personal agenda
    Radio-Jeunesse and Vichy's new sound culture
    Schaeffer's quest to make tradition dynamic in Jeune France
    Jeune France's organization and range of projects
    Jeune France and Mounier's "revolutionary humanism"
    Jeune France and the creative curation of tradition
    Musical innovation within Schaeffer's Jeune France
    Schaeffer's movement from the legal to the illegal
    Schaeffer's subjective re-assessment and reflection on the "language of things"
    Schaeffer's search for an "invisible theater" and new meanings, or realms of perception
    Schaeffer and the Studio d'Essai: from new perceptual fields to resistance
    4. The soft or hard borders of French identity: Honegger's iconic role and subjectivity during Vichy
    Honegger omnipresent
    Honegger's modernism and the modernist strain condoned by both Vichy and the Germans
    Honegger's supporters and their ideological trajectories
    The evolution of the French fascist aesthetic and Honegger's complex relation to it
    Gaston Bergery and his support for Honegger
    From state collaboration to collaborationism: the fine line and Honegger's symbolism
    Music and the goal of the group collaboration
    Honegger and the musical synthesis promoted by later 1941
    The composer's dual cultures and his style in Antigone
    The original material inscription, enunciation, and reception of the opera
    The context for the selection of Antigone at the Paris Opera
    Antigone's physical and ideological re-inscription at the Opéra in early 1943
    The multivalent potential of the opera's text and style
    The critical and public reception of Antigone at the Paris Opera in 1943
    The performative impact of Antigone in 1943 Paris
    Honegger's search for identity in Vichy and occupied France
    Honegger's contradictions as critic
    The Second Symphony and Honegger's subjective conundrum
    Monologic or Dialogic? The critical reception of the Second Symphony
    Honegger the resistant? His postwar sanctions
    5. Poulenc's metamorphosis: his journey towards resistance and a stylistic counter-discourse
    From one nationalism to another
    Poulenc at Vichy's dawn
    Vichy traditionalism in Les Animaux modèles?
    From the search for personal authenticity to a new political awareness
    Resistance nationalism and its artistic goals
    Theories and models of French musical resistance
    Poulenc's search for his own resistance style
    Exploring the tactic of stylistic disruption: Poulenc's Sonata for Violin and Piano
    Poulenc's turn to the literary resistance's stylistic paradigms
    Metamorphosis and its meaning in Poulenc's Figure humaine
    The importance of trajectories and of symbolic meanings within their context
    6. Messiaen in a Catholic Church divided: spiritual authority, subjective agency, and artistic breakthrough
    Messiaen's refusal and his nonconformist background
    Mobilization, capture, and creativity
    Internment, internal liberty, and Messiaen's Quatuor
    Levels of utterance in Messiaen's Quatuor
    Reactions to the Quatuor and to its textual framing
    Release and recruitment into Schaeffer's "Band of Christian Democrats"
    Messiaen's artistic explorations in Portique pour une fille de France
    The politics of Messiaen's appointment to the Paris Conservatoire
    Performance of and support for Messiaen's previous compositions
    Messiaen's new circles and private commissions
    Vichy's political direction, division within the church, and Messiaen's creative choices
    Sartre, Messiaen, Hello, and subjective choice
    New content and approaches to form in the Visions de l'Amen
    Responses to the challenge of Messiaen's Visions de l'Amen
    Messiaen's turn to resistance themes and models
    Man and God in the Trois petites liturgies de la presence divine
    The Resistance embrace of Messiaen and of his work
    Conclusion: Vichy's shifting cultural goals and tactics: the results, the responses, and how to perceive them
    Notes
    Bibliography
    Index

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