Human Factors Handbook for Road Designers and Traffic Engineers by Regan, Michael; Morgan, Robert; Campbell, John;

Rövid leírás:

Human error contributes to most road crashes, so good human-centred design and engineering can help drivers, pedestrians or riders make better, safer and more effective decisions. This handbook and textbook on road and traffic design is packed with checklists, case studies, photos, examples and practical exercises.

Hosszú leírás:

Can roads truly be made safer? Yes, they can, and this handbook shows road designers and traffic engineers how, through a better understanding of road users – the “human factor”.

Over a million people are killed every year on the world’s roads. Road user error is often concluded to be one of the main factors contributing to road crashes, and many in the road safety world believe that road user error is inevitable. But it need not be inevitable in a transport system that is designed around the needs and capabilities of its users. This is where road designers and traffic engineers have a vital role to play. Over many years, they have developed their skills to optimise traffic movement and maximise safety. But they don’t always get it right. One likely reason is that they may lack a basic understanding of the abilities, limitations and needs of the very people they are designing for – road users.

The scientific discipline of “Human Factors” exists to support road designers and traffic engineers, so that they can put road users at the centre of their design thinking. It provides them with data, principles and knowledge that can be applied to designs to optimise human performance, minimise error and make the road transport system safer and more user-friendly. Human factors is not just of interest to professionals involved in behavioural programmes for road safety, it is also vital for the development of the professional skills that road designers and traffic engineers need, to do their job effectively.

This handbook – the first of its kind – seeks to show how an understanding of human factors can be applied in practical ways to the day-to-day tasks of designing and managing the road system to make it a safer and more user-friendly place to travel. The handbook is structured in a way that takes the reader through the fundamentals of road safety and human-centred design and then looks at road user capabilities, limitations and design needs before the majority of the chapters look at the practical application of this knowledge to the various aspects of road design and traffic management that professionals are involved in.

This handbook is also designed as a textbook, putting the human factor at the heart of basic education and training in road and traffic design for undergraduate and postgraduate students.

Here is the how and why of human factors for road designers and traffic engineers in one convenient volume based on the authors’ extensive knowledge, experience and expertise. Packed with case studies, human factors checklist questions, photos, do’s and don’ts, examples and practical exercises, it is a must-have for students and professionals alike.

Tartalomjegyzék:

CONTENTS

Foreword …………………………………………………………………………………...

Acknowledgements ………………………………………………………………………...

Editors ……………………………………………………………………………………...

Contributors ………………………………………………………………………………...

List of Practical Examples ………………………………………………………………....

PART 1             INTRODUCTION

Chapter 1         Introduction: Human Factors in Road Design and Traffic Engineering …...

                        Michael A. Regan, Rob Morgan and John L. Campbell

PART 2             THE ROAD SAFETY CONTEXT

Chapter 2         Vision Zero in Road Safety ………………………………………………..

                        Claes Tingvall and Anders Lie

Chapter 3         An Analysis of the Safe System ……………………………………………

                        Rob Morgan

Chapter 4         Systems Thinking in Road Safety …………………………………………

                        Paul M. Salmon & Gemma J. M. Read

Chapter 5         Traffic Crash Types and Causes …………………………………………...

                        Rob Morgan and Peter Cairney

PART 3             HUMAN CENTRED DESIGN: Principles and Process

Chapter 6         Human Factors Integration for Human-Centred Design …………………..

                        Louise Raggett, Karl J. Rich and John A. Birch

Chapter 7         Human-Centred Design – Principles and Heuristics ……………………….

                        Peter J. Benda and Nicholas J. Duck

PART 4             UNDERSTANDING ROAD USERS: Their Capabilities, Limitations and Design Needs

Chapter 8         Who Are the Road Users? …………………………………..

                        Rob Morgan

Chapter 9         Road User Behaviour and Performance …………………………………...

                        Michael A. Regan and John L. Campbell

Chapter 10      Human Information Processing Part 1: Sensation, Perception

and Attention ……………………………………………………………….

                        Michael A. Regan and John L. Campbell

Chapter 11      Human Information Processing Part 2: Memory, Decision Making and Response ……………………………………………………………………

                        Michael A. Regan and John L. Campbell

Chapter 12      Human Error in Road Transport ……………………………………………

                        Michael A. Regan, Rob Morgan and John L. Campbell

Chapter 13      Pedestrians’ Design Needs …………………………………………………

                        Rob Morgan

Chapter 14      Other Road Users’ Design Needs ………………………………………….

                        Rob Morgan

Chapter 15      Factors That Influence Human Performance ………………………………

                        Ann Williamson

Chapter 16      Cultural Considerations in Road Design and Traffic Engineering …………

                        Rob Morgan

PART 5             APPLYING HUMAN FACTORS TO ROAD DESIGN AND TRAFFIC ENGINEERING

Chapter 17      The Benefits of Simplicity for Road Users ………………………………...

                        Rob Morgan and John Gaffney

Chapter 18      Road Network Planning and Town Planning ………………………………

                        Ray Brindle and Rob Morgan

Chapter 19      Roads That Explain Themselves …………………………………………...

                        Jan Theeuwes

Chapter 20      Movement and Place ………………………………………………………

                        Rob Morgan

Chapter 21      Intersection and Road Design ……………………………………………...

                        Rod Troutbeck

Chapter 22      Road Tunnel Design and Human Factors ………………………………….

                        Karl J. Rich, John A. Birch and Michael A. Regan

Chapter 23      Road Tunnel Design – Aesthetic Design Features and Perceptual Countermeasures ……………………………………………………………

                        Julius R. Secadiningrat and Michael A. Regan

Chapter 24      Railway Level Crossings …………………………………………………...

                        Gemma J.M. Read and Anjum Naweed

Chapter 25      Parking Design and Operation …………………………………………….

                        Joel Li, Rob Morgan, Michael Moses and Michael A. Regan

Chapter 26      Intersection Control Techniques ……………………………………………

                        Rob Morgan

Chapter 27      Traffic Control Devices ……………………………………………………

                        Rob Morgan

Chapter 28      Traffic Signals and Street Lighting ………………………………………...

                        Emmanuel Natalizio and Rob Morgan

Chapter 29      Speed Management ………………………………………………………...

                        John Gaffney and Rob Morgan

Chapter 30      Roadside Advertising ………………………………………………………

                        Paul Roberts and David McTiernan

Chapter 31      Managing the Road Network ……………………………………………...

                        John Gaffney and Rob Morgan

Chapter 32      Speed-Related Behavioural Adaptation to Roadway Countermeasures …..

                        Alison Smiley, Christina M. Rudin-Brown, Rune Elvik and

Bhagwant Persaud

Chapter 33      Behavioural Adaptation to Roadway Designs – Other Aspects ……………

                        Rob Morgan

Chapter 34      Human Factors in Crash and Road Design Investigations …………………

                        Rob Morgan, Janelle Aitken and Peter Cairney

PART 6               HUMAN FACTORS RESEARCH METHODS, GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS

Chapter 35      Data Collection and Evaluation Methods ………………………………….

                        Julius R. Secadiningrat and Michael A. Regan

Chapter 36         Overview of Relevant Human Factors Guidelines and Standards …………

John L. Campbell, Liberty Hoekstra-Atwood, Audra K. Fraser and Chris Monk

PART 7             INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS: Automated and Connected Transport Systems

Chapter 37      Intelligent Transport Systems: An Introduction ……………………………….

                        Maurice Burley

Chapter 38     Automated, Connected and Intelligent Transport Systems:

Human Factors …………………………………………………………….

                        Donald L. Fisher

APPENDICES

Appendix A    Human Factors Checklist ………………………………………………….

                        Michael A. Regan, Rob Morgan and John L. Campbell

Appendix B    Additional Practical Examples …………………………………………….

Appendix C    Glossary ……………………………………………………………………

Appendix D    Metric Conversions ………………………………………………………..

Appendix E    Further Reading ……………………………………………………………

Chris Monk, Rob Morgan, John L. Campbell and Michael A. Regan

Author Biographies

Index