Fundamentals of Ethics for Scientists and Engineers
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A termék adatai:
- Kiadó OUP USA
- Megjelenés dátuma 2000. augusztus 3.
- ISBN 9780195134889
- Kötéstípus Puhakötés
- Terjedelem288 oldal
- Méret 235x154x15 mm
- Súly 408 g
- Nyelv angol
- Illusztrációk 4 line illustrations 0
Kategóriák
Rövid leírás:
This textbook is intended for ethics courses in engineering and science. It can be used either in a one-credit-hour semester course or as a set of drop-in modules in a core engineering or science course. The text avoids a detailed treatment of the ins and outs of philsophical ethics - a complex subject not needed for most ethical judgements. The approach to ethical problem solving used is one that focuses on analysing the consequences rather than rules to be obey
in making decisions. An Instructor's Manual will be available; it will offer a set of "cookbook" lectures to greatly reduce preparation time.
Hosszú leírás:
This textbook is intended for ethics courses in engineering and science. It can be used either in a one-credit-hour semester course or as a set of drop-in modules in a core engineering or science course. The text avoids a detailed treatment of the ins and outs of philosophical ethics ? a complex subject not needed for most ethical judgments. The approach to ethical problem solving used is one that focuses on analysing the consequences rather than ruels to be obeyed
in making decisions. An Instructor's Manual will be available; it will offer a set of "cookbook" lectures to greatly reduce preparation time.
Tartalomjegyzék:
Preface
Unit I ? Foundational Principles
Chapter 1 ? Approaching the Subject of Ehtics
An example
The importance of ethics in science and engineering
Managing ethical discussion
Philosophy, religion, and ethics
The existence of right and wrong
Principle: Certain aspects of right and wrong exist objectively, independed of culture or personal opinion.
The subject of moral analysis
The role of codes of ethics
Real-life Case: Destruction of the Spaceship Challenger
Chapter 2 ? The Person and the Virtues
Developing a model for the person
Components of the psyche
Limitations of the model
Habits and morals
The four main virtues
Principle: People should always decide for and act according to the virtues insofar as possible.
An example
A Real-life Case; Toxic Waste at Love Canal
Chapter 3 ? Analyzing Exterior Acts: Some First Steps
Ethics as a craft
Disinguishing exterior and interior morality
Beginning case analysis
Event trees
A Real-life Case: Dow Corning Corp. and Breast Implant
Chapter 4 ? Analyzing Exterior Acts: Some First Steps
Describing intention
The importance of intention
Effort and virtues
Principle: People should try insofar as possible to continue to progress in the moral life.
The role of benevolence
A Real-life Case: The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment
Summary of Unit 1
Some Words of Caution
Unit 2 ? Resolving Ethical Conflicts
Chapter 5 ? Toward a Hierarchy of Moral Values
On selecting principles and methods
Hierarchies of values: moral and nonmoral
Linedrawing
Mathematical analogies
Ranking the virtues
A Real-life Case: Scientific Tests using Animals
Chapter 6 ? Starting Moral Judgments: Evaluating Exterior Acts
A mathematical analogy
An example
A Real-life Case: Chemical Disaster at Bhopal
Chapter 7 ? Completing Moral Judgments: the Decisive Role of Intention
Evaluating interior goodness
An example
Balancing interior and exterior goodness
The "Solomon problem"
Principle: The obligation to avoid what is bad outweighs the obligation to do what is good.
Cooperating in the evil of others
A Real-lfe Case: The Problem of Performance Evaluation - Grade Inflation
Chapter 8 ? Moral Responsibility
Factors limiting moral responsibility
Degrees of responsibility
An example
The "sainthood" and "devil" problems
A Real-life Case: Responsibility in Software Engineering
Summary of Unit 2
Some words of caution
Unit 3 ? Justice: Applications
Chapter 9 ? Truth: Person-to-Person
Truth in actions
Truth in words
Harm from deception
Harm from withholding truth
Whistleblowing
Harm from spreading truth
Privacy
A Real-lfe Case: Censorship of the Internet
Chapter 10 ? Truth: Social
Distinctions between science and engineering
Approach to knowledge in science
Recognition from scientific publication
Black and gray in scientific practice
Approach to knowledge in technology
Intellectual property
A Real-lfe Case: Copying Music Illegally using Internet
Chapter 11 ? Fairness: Person-to-Person
Finding the fairest solution
Conflict of internet
Qualitative vs. quantitative fairness
Credit or blame in team projects
Authorship questions
Fairness in supervising
Fairness in contracting with clients
A Real-life Case: Problems with Peer Review
Chatper 12 ? Fairness: Social
Intellectual property and the society
Environmental issues
Experts and paternalism
Social aspects of employment
A Real-life Case: Environmental Cleanup - Problems with the Superfund
Summary of Unit 3
Some words of caution
Unit 4 ? Advanced Topics
Chapter 13 ? Resource Allocation
What is resource allocation?
Allocation by merit
Allocation by social worth
Allocation by need
Allocation by ability to pay
Allocation by equal or random assignment
Allocation by similarity
How to decide among methods
A Real-life Case: Ethical Issues in Affirmative Action
Chapter 14 ? Risk
A historical perspective
Defining safety and risk
Evaluating risk
Making decisions about risk
Some general guidelines
A Real-life Case: Experimental Drug Testing in Humans
Chapter 15 ? Dealing with Differing Ethical Systems
Differing anthropologies
Differing principles and methods
Monism and relativism
Postmodernism
True pluralism
Conclusion
A Real-life Case: Geological Experiments in Sacred Mountains
Chapter 16 ? Habit and Intuition
Rationalist approaches to moral action
Advantages of rationalist approaches
Problems with rationalist approaches
Toward a more comprehensive approach to moral behavior
A Real-life Case; The Ethics of Human Cloning
Summary of Unit 4
Some words of caution
