Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Sorozatcím: Topics in Environmental Chemistry;
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A termék adatai:
- Kiadó OUP USA
- Megjelenés dátuma 1998. április 30.
- ISBN 9780195117134
- Kötéstípus Keménykötés
- Terjedelem350 oldal
- Méret 242x168x22 mm
- Súly 689 g
- Nyelv angol
- Illusztrációk numerous figures and tables 0
Kategóriák
Rövid leírás:
Environmental toxicology and chemistry have become subjects of intense academic and public interest. This book is the first text to tie them closely together, presenting their principles and applications through numerous illustrative examples and special topics highlighting current environmental concerns. Intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, the book will also interest anyone desiring an update in these timely subjects.
TöbbHosszú leírás:
Environmental toxicology and chemistry have become subjects of intense academic and public interest. This book is the first text to tie them closely together. It presents their principles and applications through numerous illustrative examples and special topics highlighting current environmental concerns. Intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, the book will also interest anyone desiring an update in these timely subjects.
TöbbTartalomjegyzék:
Preface
Contents
Special Topics
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Poisons
Environmental Toxicology
Environmental Chemistry
Toxicity
Intoxication
Humans
Domestic Animals
Wildlife
Plants and Microorganisms
Ecosystems
Hazard and Risk
Major Toxic Hazards
Perspecive
References
Special Topic 1: Ecotoxicology
Chemicals in the Environment
Chemicals in the Environment
Detection and Measurement
The Atmosphere
The Natural Atmosphere
Polluted Atmospheres
Indoor Air
Water
Natural Waters
Polluted Waters
Soils
Soil Composition
Toxic Waste
Pesticides
Biota
Toxic Organisms
Food
Chemicals in Everyday Life
References
Special Topic 2: Pesticide Residues
Environmental Chemodynamics
Environmental Chemodynamics
Dissolution
Solvent Partitioning
Volitilization
Adsorption
Significance
References
Special Topic 3: The Great Escape
Environmental Transport
Dissipation of Chemicals
Transport In and From Surface Water
Transport in solution
Transport between water and air
Transport on particles
Transport in Soil and Groundwater
Transport through soil
Transport in groundwater
Atmospheric Transport
Volatilization
Advection
Deposition
Commerical Conveyance
Global Transport
References
Special Topic 4: Wind, Water, and Waves
Abiotic Transformations
Transformations
Photochemistry
Radiant energy
Photochemical recations
Solar energy
Oxidation
Radical oxidations
Atmospheric oxidants
Photochemical smog
Oxidations in water
Oxidations in soil
Reduction
Redox potentials
Reductions in soil
Reductions in water
Hydrolysis
Water
Hydrolysis in water
Hydrolysis in soil
Some Other Reactions
Alkylation
Beta-elimination
Chlorination
Summary of Abiotic Reactions
References
Special Topic 5: Free Radicals and the Ozone Layer
Biotransformations
Biotransformations
Transformations by Microorganisms
Microorganisms
Oxidation
Cytochrome P450
Reduction
Hydrolysis
Other transformations
Transformations in Animals and Higher Plants
Primary (Phase I) metabolism
Secondary (Phase II) metabolism
Comparative Metabolism
References
Special Topic 6: Anatomy of an Oil Spill
Intoxication
The Intoxication Process
Absorption and Disposition
Absorption
Disposition
Elimination
Factors Governing Intoxication
Metabolism (Biodegradation)
Bioavailability
Individual and species differences
Other factors
Toxic Effects
"Poisoning"
The nervous system
The skin
The respiratory system
Blood and internal organs
The reproductive system
Genes
References
Special Topic 7: Adaption
Quantitative Toxicology
Dose-Response Relations
Factors Affecting Quantitative Responses
Toxicokinetics
Toxicity Measurements and Endpoints
Measurements
Acute toxicity
Life-cycle tests
Other bioassays
Mutagenicity tests
Phytotoxicity
Toxiciy tests for pesticide registration
Ethics and alternatives
Data from Humans
Toxicity tests
Mortality statistics
Exposure data
Epidemiology
References
Special Topic 8: Epidemiology
Intoxication Mechanisms
The Biochemical Lesion
Receptors and Targets
Mechanisms of General Toxicity
Animal-specific Mechanisms
Nervous system
Liver
Intermediary metabolism
Plant-specific Mechanisms
Photosynthesis
Amino Acid biosynthesis
Microbe-specific Mechanisms
Cell wall synthesis
Sulfhydryl groups
Perspective
References
Special Topic 9: Chemical Carcinogens
Exposure and Risk
Hazard and Risk
Exposure
Risk Assessments
Occupational exposure
Exposure at home
Risk characterization
Ecological Risk
Toxicity data
Scaling
Ecosystem risk
Risk management
Regulations
Risk communication
References
Special Topic 10: PBPK Models
Inorganic Toxicants
Inorganic Toxicants
Some Basic Chemistry
Nonmetallic Elements
The Metalloids
Metalloids
Arsenic
Selenium
Tin
Heavy Elements
The heavy metals
Mercury
Lead
Thallium and bismuth
Transition Elements
Transition metals
Copper
Other transition elements
Radioactive elements
Other Toxic Elements
References
Special Topic 11: Methylation of Metals and Metalloids
Biotoxins
Biotoxins
Alkaloids
Toxic Glycosides
Plant Phenolics
Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
Lactone Mycotoxins
Perspective
References
Special Topic 12: Allelochemicals
Industrial Chemicals
Industrial Chemicals
Minerals
Petroleum
Petrochemicals
Sources
Major petrochemicals
Toxic Byproducts and Conversion Products
Origin
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)
Hex waste
Chlorinated dioxins
References
Special Topic 13: Why Chlorinate?
Refractory Pollutants
Refractory Chemicals
DDT and DDE
Background
Toxicity
Transport and transformation
DDE
Chlorinated Alicyclics
Benzene hexachloride (BHC)
Cyclodienes
Other organochlorine insecticides
Chlorinated Dioxins
Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Phthalate Esters
Perspective
References
Special Topic 14: Environmental Persistence
Reactive Pollutants
Reactivity
Alkyl Halides
Chlorophenols
Divalent Sulfur Compounds
Dithioarbamates
Nitroarenes
Amines and Their Derivatives
Esters
Carbon Monoxide and Cyanides
Perspective
References
Special Topic 15: Hazardous Waste
Predicting Environmental Fate and Toxicity
Quantitative Prediction
Predicting Environmental Transport
Linear free energy relations
Octanol-water partition coefficients
Bioconcentration factors
Aqueous solubility
Volatilization
Soil sorption coefficients
Predicting Environmental Transformations
Reactions and products
Equilibria and rates
Modelling Environmental Fate
Quantitative Structure-activity Relations (QSAR)
Microcosms (Model Ecosystems)
References
Special Topic 16: QSAR and Toxicity
Glossary
Index
