Cultural Anthropology, with Living Anthropology Student CD and PowerWeb by Kottak, Conrad Phillip;

Hosszú leírás:

The new edition of Kottak’s best selling text for cultural anthropology emphasizes anthropology's integrated and comparative nature with "Bringing It All Together" essays that show how anthropology's sub-fields and dimensions combine to interpret and explain a common topic. Another distinctive feature, "Understanding Ourselves," illustrates the relevance of anthropological facts and theories to students' everyday lives. In addition, every new copy of the eleventh edition is packaged free with a new student CD-ROM as well as PowerWeb!

Tartalomjegyzék:

About the Author

Preface

Walkthrough

Part One: The Dimensions of Anthropology

Chapter 1: What Is Anthropology?

Overview

Human Adaptability

Adaptation, Variation, and Change

General Anthropology

Cultural Forces Shape Human Biology

The Subdisciplines of Anthropology

Cultural Anthropology

Archaeological Anthropology

Biological, or Physical Anthropology

Interesting Issues: Even Anthropologists Get Culture Shock

Beyond the Classroom: The Utility of Hand and Foot Bones for Problems in Biological Anthropology

Linguistic Anthropology

Applied Anthropology

Anthropology and Other Academic Fields

Cultural Anthropology and Sociology

Anthropology and Psychology

Science, Explanation, and Hypothesis Testing

Chapter 2: Applying Anthropology

What Is Applied Anthropology?

Academic and Applied Anthropology

Theory and Practice

Anthropology and Education

Urban Anthropology

Urban versus Rural

Medical Anthropology

Beyond the Classroom: New Life, Good Health

Anthropology and Business

Careers and Anthropology

Interesting Issues: Hot Asset in Corporate: Anthropology Degrees

Part Two: Cultural Diversity

Chapter 3: Ethics and Methods in Cultural Anthology

Ethics

Methods---Ethnography

Ethnographic Techniques

Observation and Participant Observation

Conversation, Interviewing, and Interview Schedule

The Genealogical Method

Key Cultural Consultants

Life Histories

Local Beliefs and Perceptions, and the Ethnographer's

The Evolution of Ethnography

Problem-Oriented Ethnography

Longitudinal Research

Team Research

Culture, Space, and Scale

Survey Research

Beyond the Classroom: Stories from the Women Domestics of the Yucatan

Chapter 4: Culture

What Is Culture?

Culture Is Learned

Culture Is Shared

Interesting Issues: Touching, Affection, Love, and Sex

Culture Is Symbolic

Culture and Nature

Culture Is All-Encompassing

Culture Is Integrated

Culture Can Be Adaptive and Maladaptive

Culture and the Individual: Agency and Practice

Levels of Culture

Ethnocentrism, Cultural Relativism, and Human Rights

Universality, Generality, and Particularity

Universality

Generality

Particularity: Patterns of Culture

Beyond the Classroom: Folklore Reveals Ethos of Heating Plant Workers

Mechanisms of Cultural Change

Globalization

Chapter 5: Ethnicity and Race

Ethnic Groups and Ethnicity

Status Shifting

Race

Social Race

Hypodescent: Race in the United States

Beyond the Classroom: Perceptions of Race and Skin Color on an American College Campus

Race in the Census

Not Us: Race in Japan

Phenotype and Fluidity: Race in Brazil

Stratification and "Intelligence"

Ethnic Groups, Nations, and Nationalities

Nationalities and Imagined Communities

Peaceful Coexistence

Assimilation

The Plural Society

Multiculturalism and Ethnic Identity

Interesting Issues: Ethnic Nationalism Runs Wild

Roots of Ethnic Conflict

Prejudice and Discrimination

Chips in the Mosaic

Aftermaths of Oppression

Chapter 6: Language and Communication

What Is Language?

Animal Communication

Call Systems

Sign Language

The Origin of Language

Nonverbal Communication

The Structure of Language

Speech Sounds

Language, Thought, and Culture

Interesting Issues: Do Midwesterner's Have Accents?

The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

Focal Vocabulary

Meaning

Sociolinguistics

Linguistic Diversity

Gender Speech Contrasts

Language and Status Position

Stratification

Black English Vernacular (BEV), a.k.a. "Ebonics"

Beyond the Classroom: Cybercommunication in Collegespace

Historical Linguistics

Bringing It All Together: Canada: Unity and Diversity in Culture and Language

Chapter 7: Making a Living

Adaptive Strategies

Foraging

Correlates of Foraging

Beyond the Classroom: Integrating Archaeological, Ethnographic, and Analytic Subsistence Data: A Case Study from Patagonia, South America

Cultivation

Horticulture

Agriculture

The Cultivation Continuum

Intensification: People and the Environment

Pastoralism

Modes of Production

Production in Nonindustrial Societies

Means of Production

Alienation in Industrial Economies

Economizing and Maximization

Alternative Ends

Interesting Issues: Scarcity and the Betsileo

Distribution, Exchange

The Market Principle

Redistribution

Reciprocity

Coexistence of Exchange Principles

Potlatching

Chapter 8: Political Systems

What Is "The Political?"

Types and Trends

Bands and Tribes

Foraging Bands

Tribal Cultivators

The Village Head

The "Big Man"

Pantribal Sodalities and Age Grades

Nomadic Politics

Beyond the Classroom: Perspectives on Group Membership

Chiefdoms

Political and Economic Systems in Chiefdoms

Social Status in Chiefdoms

Status Systems in Chiefdoms and States

States

Population Control

Judiciary

Enforcement

Fiscal Systems

Social Control: Politics, Shame, and Sorcery

Chapter 9: Families, Kinship, and Descent

Families

Nuclear and Extended Families

Industrialism and Family Organization

Changes in North American Kinship

The Family among Foragers

Descent

Descent Groups

Lineages, Clans, and Residence Rules

Ambilineal Descent

Family versus Descent

Kinship Calculation

Genealogical Kin Types and Kin Terms

Interesting Issues: Social Security, Kinship Style

Kinship Terminology

Lineal Terminology

Bifurcate Merging Terminology

Generational Terminology

Bifurcate Collateral Terminology

Chapter 10: Marriage

What Is Marriage?

Incest and Exogamy

Explaining the Taboo

Instinctive Horror

Biological Degeneration

Attempt and Contempt

Marry Out or Die Out

Endogamy

Caste

Royal Incest

Marital Rights and Same-Sex Marriage

Beyond the Classroom: Human Mate Preference in Matrimonial Advertisements from Gujarat, India

Marriage as Group Alliance

Bridewealth and Dowry

Durable Alliances

Interesting Issues: Love and Marriage

Divorce

Plural Marriages

Polygyny

Polyandry

Chapter 11: Gender

Sex and Gender

Recurrent Gender Patterns

Gender among Foragers

Gender among Horticulturist

Reduced Gender Stratification--Matrilineal, Matrilocal Societies

Reduced Gender Stratification--Matrifocal Societies

Increased Gender Stratification--Patrilineal-Patrilocal Societies

Gender among Agriculturalists

Patriarchy and Violence

Gender and Industrialism

The Feminization of Poverty

Sexual Orientation

Interesting Issues: Hidden Women, Public Men---Public Women, Hidden Men

Bringing It All Together: The Basques

Chapter 12: Religion

What Is Religion?

Origins, Functions, and Expressions of Religion

Animism

Mana and Taboo

Magic and Religion

Anxiety, Control, Solace

Rituals

Rites of Passage

Totemism

Religion and Cultural Ecology

Sacred Cattle in India

Social Control

Beyond the Classroom: Ewe Traditional and Biomedical Healing Practices in Ghana's Volta Region

Kinds of Religion

Religion in States

Christian Values

World Religions

Religion and Change

Revitalization Movements

Syncretisms

Antimodernism and Fundamentalism

A New Age

Secular Rituals

Chapter 13: The Arts

What Is Art?

Art and Religion

Locating Art

Art and Individuality

The Work of Art

Art, Society, and Culture

The Cultural Transmission of the Arts

Interesting Issues: I'll Get You, My Pretty, and Your Little R2

The Artistic Career

Beyond the Classroom: Capoeira: The Afro-Brazilian Art of Unity and Survival

Continuity and Change

Part Three: The Changing World

Chapter 14: The Modern World System

The Emergence of the World System

Industrialization

Causes of the Industrial Revolution

Stratification

Industrial Stratification

Asian Factory Women

Open and Closed Class Systems

Beyond the Classroom: The Residue of Apartheid in Southern Africa

The World System Today

Interesting Issues: The American Periphery

Industrial Degradation

Chapter 15: Colonialism and Development

Colonialism

Imperialism

British Colonialism

French Colonialism

Colonialism and Identity

Postcolonial Studies

Development

Neoliberalism

The Second World

Communism

Postsocialist Transitions

Development Anthropology

The Greening of Java

Equity

Strategies for Innovation

Overinnovation

Underdifferentiation

Third World Models

Chapter 16: Cultural Exchange and Survival

Acculturation

Contact and Domination

Development and Environmentalism

Religious Change

Resistance and Survival

Interesting Issues: Voices of the Rainforest

Weapons of the Weak

Beyond the Classroom: Forging Activist Identities in the Kalaupapa Community of Leprosy Patients

Cultural Imperialism

Making and Remaking Culture

Popular
Culture

Indigenizing Popular Culture

Interesting Issues: Using Modern Technology to Preserve Linguistic and Cultural Diversity

A World System of Images

A Transnational Culture of Consumption

People in Motion

The Continuance of Diversity

Bringing It All Together: The Biology and Culture of Overconsumption

Appendix 1: A History of Theories in Anthropology

Appendix 2: Ethics and Anthropology

Appendix 3: American Popular Culture

Bibliography

Glossary

Credits

Name Index

Subject Index

Több