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  • Agroecological Economics: Sustainability and Biodiversity

    Agroecological Economics by Wojtkowski, Paul;

    Sustainability and Biodiversity

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    A termék adatai:

    • Kiadó Academic Press
    • Megjelenés dátuma 2007. december 28.

    • ISBN 9780123741172
    • Kötéstípus Puhakötés
    • Terjedelem320 oldal
    • Méret 229x152 mm
    • Súly 530 g
    • Nyelv angol
    • 0

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    Hosszú leírás:

    Agroecology is the science of applying ecological concepts and principles to the design, development, and management of sustainable agricultural systems. Agroecological economics, a subsection of agricultural economics, evaluates the ecological consequences of agricultural methods on the economic scale. Agroecological economics considers green engineering as a means of measurement.

    As the environmental movement unfolds, the importance of biodiversity and long-term sustainability are indisputable. Progress depends on determining the economic viability of terrestrial agroecosystems. What is lacking is the analysis needed to bring biodiverse and sustainable systems to fruition. Agroecological Economics analyzes the current topics that must be addressed in order to provide sustainable agricultural systems. It explains the economics of land-use ecology with emphasis on changing over from a conventional model of agriculture to environmentally- and ecologically-friendly models and the financial incentives that are important to these practices.


    * Analyzes agricultural solutions with economic testing
    * Includes a complete analysis of recent biodiversity-based research with valuable new economic methodologies
    * Provides various applications to mitigate the problems which have economic and ecological effects on agroecosystems
    * Offers applications of ecologically-sound land-use practices in production and manufacturing

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    Tartalomjegyzék:

    Preface
    Chapter 1 - Introduction
    Ecology and agroecology
    Traditional subdivisions
    Agroecological directions
    The philosophical dilemma
    Economic directions
    The economic options
    Measurement
    Intangibles
    Intuitiveness

    Chapter 2 ? Lead-up Agrobiomonics
    Essential resources
    The limiting resource
    Nutrient profiles
    Agroecological niches
    Governance
    Plant-plant
    Ecosystem
    Analytical ratios
    Output
    Costs
    Risk


    Chapter 3 - Vector Theory
    Vectors
    The base
    Agroecological vectors
    Genetic improvement
    Varietal
    Microbial
    Agrobiodiversity
    Biodiversity (facilitative associations)Rotational
    Cross or inter-plot
    Location
    Physical land modifications
    Ex-farm inputs
    Environmental setting
    Allying vectors
    Design
    Design variables
    Agrotechnologies
    Principal mode
    Auxiliary
    Add-ons
    Objectives
    Optimization

    Chapter 4 - Agrobiodiversity
    Applications
    Underlying biodynamics
    Yield gains
    Interception
    Conversion
    Cost reductions
    Risk abatement
    Climate
    Insect and plant diseases
    Relevant guidelines
    Economic measures
    Revenue-enhanced LER
    Production possibilities curve
    Ratio lines
    The PPC
    Design variables
    Species
    Planting density
    Spatial pattern
    Temporal adjustments
    Density, diversity, disarray, duration
    The non-harvest option
    Associated agrotechnologies
    Monocultural
    Pure
    Varietal/ genus
    Productive intercropping
    Simple mixes
    Strip cropping(seasonal)
    Barrier or boundary
    Complex agroecosystems (without trees)
    Productive agroforestry
    Isolated tree
    Alley cropping (treerow)
    Strip cropping(mixed tree)
    Agroforestry intercropping
    Shade systems (light)
    Agroforests

    Chapter 5 - Biodiversity
    Applications
    Underlying biodynamics
    Yields
    Cost reductions
    Substitutable inputs
    DPCs
    Cut-and-carry
    Risk abatement
    Rain impact
    Climate
    Insects and diseases
    Relevant guidelines
    Economic measures
    CER
    LER and RVT-adjusted CER
    Illustrated
    Adjusted CER curves
    Economic orientation ratio
    Design variables
    Specific interaction zones
    Spatial Patterns
    Timing
    Pruning
    Associated agrotechnologies
    Perceived monocultures
    Facilitative intercropping
    Simple mixes
    Strip cropping
    Boundary
    Covercrops
    Facilitative agroforestry
    Parkland
    Protective barrier
    Alley cropping (hedgerow)
    Strip cropping (woody)
    Crop over tree
    Physical support systems
    Shade systems (heavy)

    Chapter 6 ? Rotations
    Applications
    Underlying biodynamics
    Yield gains
    Temporal DPCs
    Fallows
    Cost reductions
    Risk abatement
    Climate
    Insects and diseases
    Relevant guidelines
    Economic measures
    Sustainability
    Ordering
    Design variables
    Delayed sowing
    Planting
    Associated agrotechnolgies
    Single rotations
    Series rotations
    Overlapping cycles
    Taungyas
    Simple
    Extended
    Multi-stage
    End stage
    Continual

    Chapter 7 ? Genetic, Varietal and Locational
    Applications
    Underlying Biodynamics
    Varietal selection
    Locational selection
    Relevant guidelines
    Economic measures
    Design Variables
    Micro-location
    Macro-location
    Associated agrotechnologies
    Elevation
    Scattering

    Chapter 8 ? Land Modifications
    Applications
    Underlying Biodynamics
    Water dynamics
    Runoff
    Drought
    Flooding
    Temperatures
    Relevant guidelines
    Economic measures
    Design variables
    Associated agrotechnologies
    Absorption zones/ micro-catchments
    Infiltration contours
    Terraces
    Stone
    Earthen
    Progressive
    Paddies
    Ponds
    Gabons
    Waterbreaks
    Cajetes
    Water channels
    Mounds and beds
    Stone clusters

    Chapter 9 - Cross-Plot Influences
    Applications
    Underlying biodynamics
    Yield gains
    Agroecosystem properties
    Interface and spillover theory
    Cost control
    Relevant guidelines
    Economic measures
    Design variables
    Interfaces
    Buffer species
    Associated agrotechnologies
    Windbreaks
    Anti-insect barriers
    Habitats/ corridors
    Riparian buffers
    Firebreaks
    Living fences

    Chapter 10 ? Ex-farm Inputs
    Applications
    Underlying biodynamics
    Yield gains
    Cost reductions
    Weed control
    Risk abatement
    Climate
    Insects and diseases
    Economic measures
    Marginal Gains
    Substitutions
    Truant inputs
    Design variables
    Nutrients
    Spot applications (row placement)
    Timing
    Insects
    Irrigation
    Flood
    Spray
    Drip
    Associated agrotechnologies

    Chapter 11 - Microbial and Environmental Setting
    Applications
    Underlying biodynamics
    Yield gains
    Cost reductions
    Risk abatement
    Water dynamics
    Insects and plant diseases
    Temperatures
    Relevant guidelines
    Economic measures
    Design variables
    Associated agrotechnologies
    Composting
    Tillage
    Traps
    Bird and bats

    Chapter 12 - Single-Plot Design
    DAPs
    Task ordering or layering
    Essential nutrients
    Water
    Insects
    Weeds
    Temperatures
    Erosion
    Multi-tasking
    Design economics
    Principal-mode agrotechnologies
    Ratios
    Guidelines
    Add-ons
    Cross-harmony
    Economic orientation
    Input efficiency
    Post-design screening
    Cultural
    Environment
    Profit and loss

    Chapter 13 - Multi-Plot Analysis
    Inter-plot coordination
    Revenue and cost orientation
    Pitfalls
    Economic measures
    LLER
    LEOR
    Risk
    Environmental objectives
    Indices
    Mimicry
    Aesthetic objectives
    Cultural agroecology
    Farm landscape patterns
    Blocks
    Strips
    Groups
    Pivot
    Circular
    Scattered

    Chapter 14 - Agrotechnological Expansions
    Feed systems
    Silvopastoral
    Pastures
    Pastures with trees
    Forage trees with pasture
    Forage trees alone
    Aqua-agriculture
    Entomo-agriculture
    Avian-agriculture
    Semi-husbandry
    Support systems
    Seasonal support
    Perennial support
    Vine over tree
    Tree over vine
    Vine within a canopy
    Supplementary vine additions
    Root support systems
    Riparian Buffers
    Complex agroecosystems
    Natural compatibility
    Variations
    Homegardens
    Shrub gardens
    Forest gardens
    Management
    Economics
    Case studies
    The green revolution
    Medieval agriculture
    Hillside maize
    A vector search

    Chapter 15 - Analytical Refinements
    LER variations
    Row-based
    Temporal
    Event-enumerated
    Continuums
    The PPC
    Essential resource economics
    Resource hypotheses
    The counter view
    Spatial patterns
    Spatial theory
    Disarray
    Patterned disarray
    Temporal economics
    Multi-participant agroecosystems
    Intuitive and intangible
    Diagnosis
    Bioeconomic modeling

    Chapter 16 ? Summary
    The paradigm
    Vectors
    The agrotechnologies
    Outcomes vs. agrotechnologies
    Policy
    Agroecological economics
    Conclusion

    Author Index
    References

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