Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz by Dascal, Marcelo;

Long description:

Leibniz is known to the wide public and to many scholars mainly as a logician and mathematician, and as the creator of a fascinating but strange metaphysical system. In these, as well as in other fields, his remarkable innovations were achieved by painstaking efforts to establish a fruitful critical dialogue with the leading contemporary thinkers. He was no less important, however, in his practical endeavor to bring opponents to negotiate reasonable solutions to key political and religious conflicts of his time.

Both his theoretical and practical activities were informed by a philosophical mind that sought in all circumstances the most general underlying principles; by a juridical mind that sought to bring order and structure to human interaction, without sacrificing the necessary flexibility; by an argumentative mind that knows that persuading is often more important than proving; by a scientific mind eager to organize past and present knowledge so as not to miss any bit of information capable of pointing the way to new discoveries; by a theologian mind that refuses to admit that religious conflicts between true believers are irresolvable; and by an ethical and political mind whose major concern is to direct all our intellectual work towards improving the well-being of humankind.

Table of Contents:

Vices of Mingled Disputes.- The Controversy of Controversies.- The Religion of a Peasant.- The Elements of Thinking.- The Balance of Law.- Can there be an Obligation to Believe?.- Controversies on Sacred Matters.- The Judge of Controversies.- Towards a Heuristics for Litigation.- The Method of Jurists and the Method of Doctors.- Interpretation and Argumentation in Law.- Towards a Heuristics for Discovery.- Estimating the Uncertain.- Towards a Numerical Universal Language.- The Encyclopedia and the Method of Discovery.- Towards a Heuristics for Persuading.- The Other’s Place.- Persuading a Skeptic.- On Controversies.- On Principles.- Two Prefaces to the General Science.- to a Secret Encyclopedia.- On the Creation of a New Logic.- New Openings.- Theology and the Principle of Contradiction.- Changing Religion.- Methods of Reunion.- An Ars Characteristica for the Rational Sciences.- ‘Characterizing’ Definitions and Demonstrating Propositions.- Advancing the Art of Discovery.- Correspondence with the Hamburg Jungians.- The Philosophical Sin Controversy.- Confronting the Catholic Hardliners.- Defining what Pertains to Faith.- Judgment of a Catholic Doctor.- Presumptions and Fictions in Legal Argumentation.- The ‘Method of Establishments’.- The Achievements of Logic and Beyond.- Pacts, Contracts, and Natural Law.- Approaching the Church of England.- Dialectic Principles and their Application.- The History and Tasks of Logic.- Bold Conjectures.- The Dynamics of Formulating and Expounding the System.- The Use of Logic Against Skepticism.