Pétain's Jewish Children
French Jewish Youth and the Vichy Regime, 1940-1942
Series: Oxford Historical Monographs;
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Product details:
- Publisher OUP Oxford
- Date of Publication 5 June 2014
- ISBN 9780198707158
- Binding Hardback
- No. of pages290 pages
- Size 222x148x22 mm
- Weight 476 g
- Language English
- Illustrations 22 black and white halftones and 3 maps 0
Categories
Short description:
A study of the nature of the relationship between the Vichy regime and its Jewish citizens, particularly of its youth, in the period 1940 to 1942.
MoreLong description:
Pétain's Jewish Children examines the nature of the relationship between the Vichy regime and its Jewish citizens in the period 1940 to 1942. Previous studies have generally viewed the experiences of French Jewry during the Second World War through the lenses of persecution, resistance, or rescue; an approach which has had the unintended effect of stripping Jewish actors of their agency.
This volume, however, draws attention to the specific category of French Jewish youth which reveals significant exceptions to Vichy's antisemitic policies, wherein the regime's desire for a reinvigorated youth and the rebirth of the nation took precedence over its racial laws. While Jews were becoming marginalised from the civil service and liberal professions, the New Order did not seek to exclude young French Jews from participating in a series of youth projects that aimed to rebuild France in the aftermath of its defeat to Germany. For example, the Jewish scouts' emphasis on manual work and a return to the land ensured that it was looked upon favourably by Vichy, who rewarded the scouts financially. Similarly, young French Jews were called up to take part in the Chantiers de la Jeunesse, Vichy's alternative to compulsory military service. In considering the roles of some of Vichy's lesser known ministers with responsibilities for youth, for whom antisemitism was not a priority, Pétain's Jewish Children illuminates the tensions between Vichy's ambition for national regeneration and its racial policies, rendering any simple account of its antisemitism misleading.
While hindsight may point to the contrary, this volume shows that the emergence of the new regime did not signal the beginning of the end for French Jewry. In Vichy's first two years, while ambiguity reigned, possibilities to integrate and participate with the New Order endured and Jews were constantly presented with new avenues to probe and explore. After this point, the drastic policy changes fuelled by Prime Minister Pierre Laval and the head of Vichy Police, René Bousquet, coupled with the total occupation of France by German forces in November 1942, reduced the possibilities for coexistence almost to nothing.
Pétain's Jewish Children is such a gripping and valuable study, exposing the fact that, even in such an increasingly hostile landscape, certain French Jews still felt that they could survive and even thrive. What Daniel Lee's book reveals is that, under Vichy, neither Frenchness nor Jewishness was ever a fixed identity, and that for a short while, even in a climate that sought to tear them apart, more than a few still saw the possibility for a productive symbiosis.
Table of Contents:
List of Illustrations
List of Abbreviations
Introduction
French Jewry on the eve of Vichy
The Jewish Question and the National Revolution
Jewish Youth Movements' Responses to Vichy
The Interface between Vichy and Jewish Youth: Jews in State Sponsored Youth Schemes
Lautrec : The EIF's Return to the Land Project
Lautrec, the Local Community and the Administration
Jewish Participation in the Chantiers de la Jeunesse
Conclusion
Bibliography
