Introduction to Environmental Impact Assessment
Guide to Principles and Practice
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A termék adatai:
- Kiadó Oxford University Press
- Megjelenés dátuma 2006. január 26.
- Kötetek száma Paperback
- ISBN 9780195420906
- Kötéstípus Puhakötés
- Terjedelem0 oldal
- Méret xx12 mm
- Súly 324 g
- Nyelv angol
- Illusztrációk 59 boxes, 27 tables, 27 figures 0
Kategóriák
Rövid leírás:
A core text for teaching environmental impact assessment, which focuses on procedural training and good principles and practices.
TöbbHosszú leírás:
This book is designed as a primary text for teaching environmental impact assessment (EIA). The focus is procedural training in EIA, with an emphasis on good principles and prcatices of EIA. It provides extensive case studies, most of which are Canadian, but some of which are American, European and Australian. The approach is interdisciplinary, and provodes a balanced discussion of physical and human environments.
TöbbTartalomjegyzék:
* NOTE: Each chapter ends with a list of Key Terms, Study Questions and Exercises, and References
List of Boxes
List of Tables
List of Figures
Preface: Using This Guide
Acknowledgements
Part I: Environmental Impact Assessment Principles
Chapter 1: Aims and Objectives of Environmental Impact Assessment
Introduction
Defining Environmental Impact Assessment
EIA Objectives and Principles
The Origins and Development of EIA
EIA Origins
EIA Development
International Status of EIA
Canada
Australia
European Union
Japan
China
Developing Nations and Developmental Agencies
EIA Process
Benefits and Challenges to EIA
Chapter 2: An Overview of Environmental Impact Assessment in Canada
EIA in Canada
Canadian EIA Systems
Provincial EIA
Northern EIA
Legal Development of EIA
EARP Origins
Canadian Environmental Assessment Act
Towards 'Higher-Order' Assessment
EIA Directions
Part II: Foundations of Environmental Impact Assessment
Chapter 3: Nature and Classification of Environmental Impacts
Environmental Effects and Impacts
Order of Environmental Effects and Impacts
Simple Classification of Effects and Impacts
Nature of Environmental Effects and Impacts
Temporal Characteristics of Impacts
Magnitude, Direction, and Spatial Extent of Impacts
Reversibility and Irreversibility of Impacts
Likelihood of Impacts
Chapter 4: Methods Supporting EIA Practice
Methods and Techniques
Methods for Impacts Identification and Classification
Examination of Similar Projects
Checklists
Simple Matrices
Interaction Matrices
Networks
Overlays and Features Mapping
Systems Models
Expert Judgement
Methods Selection
Techniques for Involvement and Communication
Rationale for Public Involvement
Levels of Public Involvement
Identifying the Publics
Methods and Techniques
Elements for Successful Public Involvement
Part III: Environmental Impact Assessment Practice
Chapter 5: Screening Procedures
Screening
Screening Approaches
Is an EIA Required?
Screening Requirements in Canada
Requirements for EIA
Type of EIA Required
Some General Guidelines for Project Screening
Chapter 6: Scoping Procedures
EIA Scoping
Scoping Types and Functions
Scoping Requistes
Describe the Proposed Activity
Scope Project Alternatives
Establish Assessment Boundaries
Identify Potential Impacts and Issues
Scoping Continuation
Chapter 7: Predicting Environmental Impacts
Impact Prediction
Basic Requirements of Impact Predictions
Accuracy and Precision
Techniques for Impact Prediction
Mechanistic Models
Statistical Models
Balance Models
Experimental Techniques
Analogue Techniques
Judgemental Techniques
Predicting Impacts on the Biophysical Environment
What to Predict
Techniques
Challenges to Impact Prediction
Addresssing Uncertainity in Impact Prediction
Verifiable Impact Predictions
Chapter 8: Determining Impact Significance
Impact Significance
Determining Significance
Impact Characteristics
Impact Importance
Methods, Techniques, and Guidance
Fixed-Point Scoring
Rating
Paired Comparisons
Scope of Significant Impacts
Chapter 9: Managing Project Impacts
Impact Management
Managing Negative Impacts
Avoidance
Mitigation
Rectification
Compensation
Managing Positive Impacts
Creating Benefits
Enhancing Benefits
Measures That Support Impact Management
Environmental Management Systems
Environmental Protection Plans
Impact Benefit Agreements
EIA and Impact Management in Canada
Chapter 19: Post-Decision Monitoring
Follow-up
Follow-up Components
Rationale for Post-Decision Monitoring
Compliance Monitoring
Progress Monitoring
Monitoring for Understanding
Requirements for Effective Monitoring
Ojectives and Priorities Identified
Targeted Approach to Data Collection
Hypothesis-based or Threshold-based Approaches
Control Sites
Continuity
Adaptability, Flexibility, and Timeliness
Inclusiveness
Monitoring Methods and Techniques
Part IV: Advancing Principles and Practices in Environmental Impact Assessment
Chapter 11: Cumulative Environmental Effects
Developing an Awareness of Cumulative Effects
Definition of Cumulative Effects
Sources of Cumulative Effects
Types of Cumulative Effects
Pathways of Cumulative Effects
Cumulative Effects Assessment
Spatial Boundaries for CEA
Temporal Boundaries for CEA
Methods for CEA
Towards a Regional Approach to CEA in Canada
Chapter 12: Strategic Environmental Assessment
The Basis of Strategic Assessment
Systems of SEA
Aims and Objectives
Types of SEA
SEA Frameworks
Screening
Scoping
Assessing Initiatives and Option Impacts
Determining Significance
Identifying the Preferred Option
Directions in SEA
Appendix I: Alternative Means: An Exercise in Project Assessment
Appendix II: Alternative To: An Exercise in Strategic Assessment
Glossary of Key Terms
Index
