Fluid Mechanics by White, Frank;

Hosszú leírás:

The fifth edition of Fluid Mechanics continues the tradition of precision, accuracy, accessibility, and strong conceptual presentation. This new edition retains its basic organization. The three approaches--integral, differential, and dimensional analysis--are treated separately, providing the conceptual foundation of fluid mechanics. Chapters on ducts, immersed bodies, potential flow, compressible flow, open channels, and turbomachinery show the major applications of the field.

The new edition includes a systematic problem solving methodology for readers to follow. New chapter examples and approximately 250 new chapter problems have been added.. The EES (Engineering Equation Solver) software is included, free to users, as a means to model and solve problems on the computer. A new appendix offers a brief review of mathematical tools.

The fifth edition of Fluid Mechanics continues the tradition of precision, accuracy, accessibility, and strong conceptual presentation. This new edition retains its basic organization. The three approaches--integral, differential, and dimensional analysis--are treated separately, providing the conceptual foundation of fluid mechanics. Chapters on ducts, immersed bodies, potential flow, compressible flow, open channels, and turbomachinery show the major applications of the field.

The new edition includes a systematic problem solving methodology for readers to follow. New chapter examples and approximately 250 new chapter problems have been added.. The EES (Engineering Equation Solver) software is included, free to users, as a means to model and solve problems on the computer. A new appendix offers a brief review of mathematical tools.

Tartalomjegyzék:

1 Introduction

1.1Preliminary Remarks

1.2The Concept of a Fluid

1.3The Fluid as a Continuum

1.4Dimensions and Units

1.4.1Primary Dimensions

1.4.2Consistent Units

1.4.3Homogeneous versus Dimensionally Inconsistent Equations

1.4.4Convenient Prefixes in Powers of Ten

1.5Properties of the Velocity Field

1.5.1Eulerian and Lagrangian Descriptions

1.5.2The Velocity Field

1.6Thermodynamic Properties of a Fluid

1.6.1Pressure

1.6.2Temperature

1.6.3Density

1.6.4Specific Weight

1.6.5Specific Gravity

1.6.6Potential and Kinetic Energies

1.6.7State Relations for Gases

1.6.8State Relations for Liquids

1.7Viscosity and Other Secondary Properties

1.7.1Viscosity

1.7.2The Reynolds Number

1.7.3Flow Between Plates

1.7.4Variation of Viscosity with Temperature

1.7.5Thermal Conductivity

1.7.6Nonnewtonian Fluids

1.7.7Surface Tension

1.7.8Vapor Pressure

1.7.9No-Slip and No-Temperature Jump Conditions

1.7.10Speed of Sound

1.8Basic Flow-Analysis Techniques

1.9Flow Patterns: Streamlines, Streaklines, and Pathlines

1.9.1Flow Visualization

1.10The Engineering Equation Solver

1.11Uncertainty of Experimental Data

1.12The Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Examination

1.13Problem-Solving Techniques

1.14History and Scope of Fluid Mechanics

Problems

Fundamentals of Engineering Exam Problems

Comprehensive Problems

References

2Pressure Distribution in a Fluid

2.1Pressure and Pressure Gradient

2.1.1Pressure Force on a Fluid Element

2.2Equilibrium of a Fluid Element

2.2.1Gage Pressure and Vacuum Pressure: Relative Terms

2.3Hydrostatic Pressure Distributions

2.3.1Effect of Variable Gravity

2.3.2Hydrostatic Pressure in Liquids

2.3.3The Mercury Barometer

2.3.4Hydrostatic Pressure in Gases

2.3.5Is the Linear Formula Adequate for Gases?

2.4Application to Manometry

2.4.1A Memory Device: Up Versus Down

2.5Hydrostatic Forces on Plane Surfaces

2.5.1Gage-Pressure Formulas

2.6Hydrostatic Forces on Curved Surfaces

2.7Hydrostatic Forces in Layered Fluids

2.8Buoyancy and Stability

2.8.1Stability

2.8.2Stability Related to Waterline Area

2.9Pressure Distribution in Rigid-Body Motion

2.9.1Uniform Linear Acceleration

2.9.2Rigid-Body Rotation

2.10Pressure Measurement

2.11Summary

Problems

Word Problems

Fundamentals of Engineering Exam Problems

Comprehensive Problems

Design Projects

References

3Integral Relations for a Control Volume

3.1Basic Physical Laws of Fluid Mechanics

3.1.1 Systems versus Control Volumes

3.1.2 Volume and Mass Rate of Flow

3.2The Reynolds Transport Theorem

3.2.1 One-Dimensional Fixed Control Volume

3.2.2 Arbitrary Fixed Control Volume

3.2.3 Control Volume Moving at Constant Velocity

3.2.4 Control Volume of Constant Shape but Variable Velocity

3.2.5 Arbitrarily Moving and Deformable Control Volume

3.2.6 One-Dimensional Flux-Term Approximations

3.3Conservation of Mass

3.3.1 Incompressible Flow

The Linear Mometum Equation

3.4.1 One-Dimensional Momentum Flux

3.4.2 Net Pressure Force on a Closed Control Surface

3.4.3 Pressure Condition at a Jet Exit

3.5The Angular-Momentum Theorem

3.6The Energy Equation

3.7Frictionless Flow: The Bernoulli Equation

Summary

Problems

Word Problems

Fundamentals of Engineering Exam Problems

Comprehensive Problems

Design Projects

References

4Differential Relations for a Fluid Particle

4.1The Acceleration Field of a Fluid

4.2The Differential Equation of Mass Conservation

4.3The Differential Equation of Linear Momentum

4.4The Differential Equation of Angular Momentum

4.5The Differential Equation of Energy

4.6Boundary Conditions for the Basic Equations

4.7The Stream Function

4.8Vorticity and Irrotationality

4.9Frictionless Irrotational Flows

4.10 Some Illustrative Plane Potential Flows

4.11 Some Illustrative Incompressible viscous Flows

Summary

Problems

Word Problems

Fundamentals of Engineering Exam Problems

Comprehensive Problems

References

5Dimensional Analysis and Similarity

5.1Introduction

5.2The Principle of Dimensional Homogeneity

5.3The Pi Theorem

5.4Nondimensionalization of the Basic Equations

5.5Modeling and Its Pitfalls

Summary

Problems

Word Problems

Fundamentals of Engineering Exam Problems

Comprehensive Problems

Design Projects

References

6Viscous Flow in Ducts

6.1Reynolds-Number Regimes

6.2Internal versus External Viscous Flows

6.3Semiempirical Turbulent Shear Correlations

6.4Flow in a Circular Pipe

6.5Three Types of Pipe-Flow Problems

6.6Flow in Noncircular Ducts

6.7Minor Losses in Pipe Systems

6.8Multiple-Pipe Systems

6.9Experimental Duct Flows: Diffuser Performance

6.10 Fluid Meters

Summary

Problems

Word Problems

Fundamentals of Engineering Exam Problems

Comprehensive Problems

Design Projects

References

7Flow Past Immersed Bodies

7.1Reynolds-Number and Geometry Effects

7.2Momentum-Integral Estimates

7.3The Boundary-Layer Equations

7.4The Flat-Plate Boundary Layer

7.5Boundary Layers with Pressure Gradient

7.6Experimental External Flows

Summary

Problems

Word Problems

Fundamentals of Engineering Exam Problems

Comprehensive Problems

Design Projects

References

8Potential Flow and Computational Fluid Dynamics

8.1Introduction and Review

8.2Elementary Plane-Flow Solutions

8.3Superposition of Plane-Flow Solutions

8.4Plane Flow Past Closed-Body Shapes

8.5Other Plane Potential Flows

8.6Images

8.7Airfoil Theory

8.8Axisymmetric Potential Flow

8.9Numerical Analysis

Summary

Problems

Word Problems

Comprehensive Problems

Design Projects

References

9Compressible Flow

9.1Introduction

9.2The Speed of Sound

9.3Adiabatic and Isentropic Steady Flow

9.4Isentropic Flow with Area Changes

9.5The Normal-Shock Wave

9.6Operation of Converging and Diverging Nozzles

9.7Compressible Duct Flow with Friction

9.8Frictionless Duct Flow with Heat Transfer

9.9Two-Dimensional Supersonic Flow

9.10 Prandtl-Meyer Expansion Waves

Summary

Problems

Word Problems

Fundamentals of Engineering Exam Problems

Comprehensive Problems

Design Projects

References

10Open Channel Flow

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Uniform Flow; The Chézy Formula

10.3 Efficient Uniform-Flow Channels

10.4 Specific Energy: Critical Depth

10.5 The Hydraulic Jump

10.6 Gradually Varied Flow

10.7 Flow Measurement and Control by Weirs

Summary

Problems

Word Problems

Fundamentals of Engineering Exam Problems

Comprehensive Problems

Design Projects

References

11Turbomachinery

11.1 Introduction and Classification

11.2 The Centrifugal Pump

11.3 Pump Performance Curves and Similarity Rules

11.4 Mixed- and Axial-Flow Pumps: The Specific Speed

11.5 Matching Pumps to System Characteristics

11.6 Turbines

Summary

Problems

Word Problems

Fundamentals of Engineering Exam Problems

Comprehensive Problems

Design Projects

References

Appendix A: Physical Properties of Fluids

Appendix B: Compressible-Flow Tables

Appendix C: Conversion Factors

Appendix D: Equations of Motion in Cylindrical Coordinates

Appendix E: Introduction to EES

Answers to Selected Problems

Index

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