Atmosphere-Ocean Interaction
Sorozatcím: Oxford Monographs on Geology and Geophysics; 27;
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A termék adatai:
- Kiadás sorszáma 2
- Kiadó OUP USA
- Megjelenés dátuma 1995. január 12.
- ISBN 9780195066180
- Kötéstípus Keménykötés
- Terjedelem384 oldal
- Méret 234x160x30 mm
- Súly 780 g
- Nyelv angol
- Illusztrációk halftones, line figures, tables 0
Kategóriák
Rövid leírás:
The second edition of this book presents an updated account of the transfer of energy, matter and momentum between the atmosphere and the ocean. It covers atmospheric, oceanographic and climatological problems affected by air-sea interactions, and emphasizes an understanding of the physical processes.
TöbbHosszú leírás:
The second edition of this book presents an up-to-date account of the transfer of energy, matter, and momentum between the atmosphere and the ocean. The expository style of the book will be welcomed by students and professionals alike, within the fields of meteorology, oceanography, and physics. Topics covered include surface wind waves, the planetary boundary layer, and radiation.
It is recommended to students physical oceanography, meteorology and environmental physics who wish to improve their understanding of the interface between ocean and atmosphere. N. C. Wells
Tartalomjegyzék:
Preface
Basic Concepts
Notation
Conservation equations
Conservation of matter
Conservation of momentum
Conservation of energy
Turbulence and turbulent transport
Statistical description of fluctuating quantities
Correlation functions and spectra
Isotropic turbulence
Scaling techniques and similarity relations
The State of Matter Near the Interface
Sea water
The equation of state
Latent heat and saturation vapour pressure of pure water
Colligative properties
Atmospheric gases in solution
Molecular transport coefficients
Moist air
The equation of state
Molecular transport coefficients
Isobaric mixing and fog formation
Adiabatic and pseudo-adiabatic changes of state
The liquid-gas interface
Laminar sublayers
Surface tension
Contamination
Bubbles and spray
Generation of bubbles and spray droplets
Equilibrium pressure in air bubbles and spray droplets
Terminal velocities of gas bubbles and spray droplets
The size and flux spectra of air bubbles in bubble clouds
Sea surface bubble spectra and whitecap coverage as a function of wind speed
The size and flux spectra of spray droplets
Environmental effects of bubbles and spray
Sea ice
Formation and growth
Physical properties of sea ice
Radiation
Definitions
Solar radiation
The net short-wave irradiance at the sea surface
Reflection at the sea surface
Absorption of solar radiation in the ocean
Terrestrial radiation
Long-wave emission from the sea surface
Radiative transfer in the lower atmosphere
Empirical formulas for estimating the surface radiation budget
Short-wave irradiance
Short-wave exitance
Long-wave irradiance and exitance
Surface Wind Waves
Basic dynamics of harmonic waves in fluids
Small amplitude waves at the air-sea interface
Second-order quantities and approximations
Sources and sinks of surface wave energy
Transfer of energy between waves
Dissipation and breaking
The generation of waves by the wind
The evolution and parameterization of surface wave spectra
Turbulent Transfer Near the Interface
The structure of the interface and adjacent layers
The profiles in the molecular sublayers
The matching of surface layers to molecular sublayers
Transition from smooth to rough flow
The effect of stratification
Dynamic interactions between wind and sea surface
Surface drift
Wind-wave interactions
Transport of trace gases across the interface
Application of the surface renewal model
The stagnant water film model
Experimental methods and results
The sea surface temperature (SST) and the energy budget
Methods to observe the fluxes in the atmospheric surface layer
The eddy correlation method
The eddy accumulation method and the conditional sampling method
The gradient method
The dissipation and inertial dissipation methods
Fluxes obtained with remote sensing techniques
The ageostrophic transport or momentum budget method
Bulk parameterizations
The Planetary Boundary Layer
The Ekman boundary layer
The stationary laminar Ekman layer
Transient Ekman layers and Ekman transports
The depth of the turbulent Ekman layer; surface-waves effects
Coherent structures in the planetary boundary layer
Observations of oceanic longitudinal rolls
Observations of atmospheric longitudinal rolls
Laboratory experiments
Numerical simulations
Energetics of longitudinal rolls
Physical concepts and theories
Parametric representation of PBL fluxes and profiles
Diffusive models
The transilient scheme
Parametric representation of PBL profiles
Mixed-layer models
The oceanic mixed layer
The cloud-free atmospheric mixed layer
The cloud-topped convective marine boundary layer
Discussion and evaluation
Atmospherically-forced Perturbations in the Oceans
Perturbations of a shallow, homogeneous ocean
The different types of atmospheric forcing
The forced shallow water equation
Perturbations of different extent and duration
The two-layer ocean model
The governing equations
Gravity waves at an internal density discontinuity
The rigid-lid approximation
Ekman pumping
Internal inertio-gravity waves
Internal waves in a continuously-stratified ocean
Long-waves; normal modes
Atmospheric forcing of inertio-gravity waves
The response of the open ocean to moving cyclonic storms
Observations
The simulated short-term oceanic response to moving storms
The long-term oceanic response to moving storms
The effect of lateral boundaries on wind-forced perturbations
Wind-forced upwelling and downwelling along a straight coast
Coastal Kelvin waves
Shelf waves
Storm surges
Rossby or planetary waves
Free planetary waves
Forced plantary waves
Equatorial currents and perturbations
Balanced equatorial currents
Equatorial perturbations
Large Scale Forcing by Sea Surface Buoyancy Fluxes
The predominant direction and variability of air-sea interactions
Deep convection
The general character and organization of deep convection
Laboratory experiments and dimensional analysis
Deep convection and bottom-water formation in the oceans
The tropical atmosphere
Deep convection in the presence of clouds and precipitation
The Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and the Hadley circulation
Hurricanes
Some low-frequency ocean-atmosphere feedback processes
El Nino and the Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
The Somali current and the Indian monsoon
Interactions between the hydrological cycle and the thermo-haline circulation
