The ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 2 Vols.
Winner of the BMA Cardiology Book Award 2019
Series: The European Society of Cardiology Series;
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Product details:
- Edition number 3. Aufl.
- Publisher Oxford University Press
- Date of Publication 21 December 2018
- ISBN 9780198784906
- Binding Hardback
- No. of pages3408 pages
- Size 283x230x120 mm
- Weight 7809 g
- Language English 0
Categories
Short description:
Providing the background information behind clinical practice, with in-depth peer-reviewed articles and broad coverage of the field, The ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine and its digital counterpart, ESC CardioMed, are invaluable resources for those working in cardiovascular medicine across the world.
MoreLong description:
This new, third edition of The ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine is a ground-breaking initiative from the European Society of Cardiology that transforms reference publishing in cardiovascular medicine to better serve the changing needs of the global cardiology community. Providing the background information behind clinical practice and the ESC Clinical Practice Guidelines, this publication is an invaluable resource for cardiologists across the world.
Overseen by Professors A. John Camm, Thomas F. Lüscher, Gerald Maurer, and Patrick W. Serruys, supported by an editorial board of subject experts, and with more than 1000 of the world's leading specialists - from researchers to clinicians - contributing, this dynamic encyclopaedic resource covers more than 63 disciplines within cardiology. Split into six parts: Introduction to the cardiovascular system; Investigations; Heart diseases; Vascular disease; Specific populations - gender and
race; and Other aspects of Cardiology, The ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine gives readers a trustworthy insight into all aspects of cardiovascular medicine.
To respond nimbly to the rapid evolution of the field, the textbook is also published online in an innovative digital version, titled ESC CardioMed. This digital resource is continually updated by the author teams. With expert editors and authors, and stringent peer-review, it combines the discoverability of digital with the higest standards of academic publishing. Highly illustrated, with embedded multi-media features, along with cross-referenced links to the ESC Clinical Practice
Guidelines, related content, and primary research in the European Heart Journal, ESC CardioMed provides users with a dynamic, forward-thinking resource, at the heart of cardiology.
As a continually evolving knowledge base, The ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, together with the online counterpart ESC CardioMed, equips all cardiologists - from trainees and consultants, to device specialists and allied healthcare professionals - with a powerful, multi-faceted resource covering all aspects of cardiovsacular medicine.
The great strengths of this book are: 1. It is as contemporaneous as a cardiology textbook can be. 2. It is comprehensive. 3. It has been written by excellent authors ... It's a great textbook, and arguably the gold standard for a general cardiology textbook.
Table of Contents:
PART 1. Introduction to the cardiovascular system
Section 1. Cardiovascular history and physical examination
Section editor: Nicholas Boon
Approach to cardiovascular assessment
Cardiovascular symptoms
Cardiovascular signs
Section 2. Developmental biology of the heart
Section editor: Miguel Torres
Cardiac embryogenesis
The molecular basis of cardiac embryogenesis
From heart-forming region to ballooning chambers
Development of the ventricles and valves
Development of the cardiac conduction system
Epicardial and coronary vascular development
Cardiomyocyte development from mid-gestation through preadolescence
Section 3. Functional anatomy of the heart
Section editor: Siew Yen Ho
Introduction
Cardiac anatomy in the interventional era: an overview
Normal conduction system, coronary arteries, and coronary veins
Normal atrial and ventricular myocardial structures
The heart as a functional unit
Ventricular structure and function
Functional anatomy of atria
Functional anatomy of left heart valves
Functional anatomy of right heart valves
Functional anatomy of myocardial perfusion
Section 4. Cardiovascular physiology
Section editor: Guido Grassi
The heart as a pump: governing principles
Cardiac electrophysiology
Cardiovascular physiology: regulation of coronary circulation
Regulation of blood pressure
Heart/kidney interactions
Cardiovascular response to exercise
Cardiovascular response to mental stress
The cardiovascular system during sleep
The ageing heart
Alterations in cardiovascular physiology in pathological states
Section 5. Cardiovascular pharmacology
Section editor: Faiez Zannad
Renin-angiotensin system and neprilysin
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists
Autonomic nervous system drugs
Pharmacology of vasodilators
Positive inotropes
Antiarrhythmics
Pharmacology of oral antiplatelet drugs
Fibrinolytic therapy
Lipid-lowering drugs
Oral diabetes treatments and cardiovascular disease
Renal pharmacology for the cardiologist
Potassium binders
Cardiovascular effects of non-cardiovascular drugs
Drug-drug interactions
Local drugs in interventional cardiology pharmacology
Section 6. Anticoagulation
Section editor: Raffaele DeCaterina
An overview of haemostasis, in relation to atherothrombotic, thromboembolic, and venous cardiovascular disease
Current targets of anticoagulants
Epidemiology of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in heart disease
Unfractionated heparin
Low-molecular-weight heparin
Fondaparinux and its derivatives
Bivalirudin and argatroban
Reversal of parenteral anticoagulants
Vitamin K antagonists
The NOACs: pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
The NOACs: clinical pharmacology
The NOACs in special situations: the elderly, renal impairment, combination with antiplatelet agents and thrombolytics
Reversal of oral anticoagulants
Epidemiological data on the use of traditional anticoagulants in cardiovascular disease
Section 7. Epidemiology and global burden
Section editor: Sumeet Chugh
Strategies for assessment of global disease burden
Epidemiology and global burden of hypertension
Epidemiology and global burden of ischaemic heart disease
Epidemiology and global burden of cardiomyopathy
Epidemiology and global burden of arrhythmias
Epidemiology and global burden of rheumatic heart disease
Epidemiology and global burden of myocarditis and pericarditis
Epidemiology and global burden of infective endocarditis
Epidemiology and global burden of peripheral arterial disease and aortic aneurysms
PART 2. Investigations
Section 8. Electrocardiogram
Section editor: Antonio Bayes de Luna
Introduction
Atrial abnormalities
Ventricular hypertrophy
Intraventricular conduction disturbances
ECG patterns of ischaemia and necrosis
ECG patterns related to arrhythmias and sudden death: channelopathies, early repolarization, and preexcitiation
ECG in syncope, palpitations, dyspnoea, and chest pain
The abnormal ECG without apparent heart disease and the normal ECG in serious heart diseases: two extremes
Ambulatory ECG monitoring
Section 9. Chest radiography
Section editor: Christian Herold
Normal anatomy with a focus on the cardiac silhouette and the great vessels
Pulmonary venous hypertension
Pulmonary arterial hypertension and acute and chronic thromboembolism
Pulmonary infections
Focal abnormalities
Lines, tubes, and implantable devices
Section 10. Cardiac ultrasound
Frank Flachskampf
Principles of echocardiographic imaging and velocity assessment by Doppler and speckle tracking
Technical equipment for echocardiography
Transthoracic echocardiography and the standard examination of specific cardiac structures
Stress echocardiography
Contrast echocardiography
Three-dimensional echocardiography
Coronary heart disease
Hypertension and diabetes
Transoesophageal echocardiography
Left ventricular function, heart failure, and resynchronization therapy
Assist devices
Cardiomyopathies, myocarditis, and the transplanted heart
Cardiac valves
Echocardiography in transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Transcatheter mitral valve repair: from edge-to-edge to annuloplasty
Prosthetic valve evaluation
Pulmonary hypertension and the right ventricle
Echocardiographic assessment: diseases of the aorta
Atrial fibrillation, cardiogenic embolism, and tumors
Emergency echocardiography
Section 11. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance
Section editor: Dudley Pennell
Normal anatomy and function
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance physics, techniques, and contrast agents
Coronary artery disease
Cardiomyopathies
Congenital heart disease
Valvular heart disease
Atherosclerosis imaging
Angiography
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in less common pathologies
Section 12. Cardiovascular computed tomography
Section editor: Stephan Achenbach
Technology of cardiac computed tomography
Coronary calcium
Coronary computed tomography angiography: detection of coronary artery stenosis
Coronary computed tomography angiography: imaging of coronary atherosclerotic plaque
Computed tomography myocardial perfusion
Computed tomography for cardiac morphology, function, and valve disease
Computed tomography for cardiac interventions
Section 13. Nuclear cardiology and positron emission tomography
Section editor: Philipp Kaufmann
Basic principles and technological state of the art: SPECT
Basic principles and technological state of the art: PET
Basic principles and technological state of the art: hybrid imaging
Assessment of coronary artery disease: chronic stable angina
Assessment of coronary artery disease: imaging-guided management and therapy
Integration of stress nuclear imaging in the diagnostic and management algorithms of stable coronary artery disease
Assessment of coronary artery disease: nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging in specific patient populations
Heart failure
Endocarditis and device infection
Infiltrative disease (amyloidosis/sarcoidosis)
Future potential
Section 14. Invasive imaging and haemodynamics
Section editor: Carlo Di Mario
Haemodynamic data
Coronary Angiography and Ventriculography
Intravascular ultrasound imaging
Optical coherence tomography
Near-infrared spectroscopy
Functional coronary assessment: fractional flow reserve
Functional coronary assessment: instantaneous wave-free ratio and other indices
Section 15. Selection of imaging techniques
Section editor: Jeroen Bax
Choice of imaging techniques
PART 3. Heart Diseases
Section 16 Genetics of cardiovascular diseases
Section editor: Heribert Schunkert
Introduction
Genetic counselling
Principles of cascade screening
Principles of molecular genetic testing
Basic principles of genetic disease
Monogenic and oligogenic cardiovascular diseases: genetics of arrhythmias-long QT syndrome
Monogenic and oligogenic CV diseases - Genetics of arrhythmias - short QT Syndrome
Monogenic and oligogenic CV diseases - Genetics of arrhythmias - Brugada Syndrome
Monogenic and oligogenic CV diseases - Genetics of arrhythmias - catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
Post-mortem genetic testing in sudden death cases
Genetics of cardiomyopathies - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Genetics of cardiomyopathies - Dilated cardiomyopathy
Genetics of cardiomyopathies: left ventricular non-compaction
Genetics of cardiomyopathies - Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy
Genetics of cardiomyopathies: cardiac manifestations of genetic mitochondrial diseases
Genetics of cardiomyopathies - Myocardial infiltration
Genetics of vascular disease: Marfan syndrome and aortic disease
Structural diseases of the heart - Genetics of congenital heart diseases
Structural diseases of the heart: syndromes affecting the cardiovascular system
Complex Cardiovascular Diseases - Atherosclerosis - genetic factors
Complex Cardiovascular Diseases - Dyslipidaemias - genetic factors
Complex cardiovascular diseases: genetic determi nants of atrial fibrillation
Complex cardiovascular diseases: the genetics of arterial hypertension
Section 17. Congenital heart disease in children and adults
Section editor: John Deanfield
Introduction
Nomenclature
Epidemiology and incidence
Aetiology, genes, and environment
Fetal circulation & perinatal programming
Clinical Presentations & Initial Investigations
Echocardiography
Cross-Sectional imaging/modelling
Functional Testing
Electrophysiological abnormalities and Arrhythmias
Interventional catheterization
Long term Outcomes
Arterial Disease in the Young
Contraception and pregnancy
Pulmonary Hypertension
Heart Failure
Support/Transplantation
Atrial septal defect
Atrioventricular septal defect
Ventricular septal defect
Patent ductus arteriosus
Pulmonary valve stenosis
Vascular Rings
Aortic stenosis and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction
Coarctation
Tetralogy of Fallot
Ebstein's Anomaly
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Single ventricle/total cavopulmonary connection (Fontan circulation)
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Complete transposition of the great arteries
Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries
Section 18. Prevention in cardiovascular disease and rehabilitation
Section editor: Massimo Piepoli
Introduction
Cardiovascular risk estimation at the individual level
Risk factor management at the level of the individual using lifestyle changes
Risk factor intervention at the population level
Cardiac rehabilitation and exercise training
Prevention in cardiovascular disease and rehabilitation
Settings and stakeholders
Section 19. Diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome
Section editor: Lars Ryden
Introduction
Dysglycaemia - Definition, classification and diagnosis
Vascular complications of dysglycaemia
Cardiovascular risk assessment in diabetes and pr e-diabetes
Preventing cardiovascular complications in patients with dysglycemia
Special conditions - Acute coronary syndromes
Special conditions - Revascularisation
Diabetes and heart failure
Diabetes and arrhythmias
Diabetes and lower extremity arterial disease
Special conditions: kidney disease
Person centred care
Section 20. Heart and the brain
Section editor: Hans-Christoph Diener
Acute ischaemic stroke: classification and diagnosis
Impact of stroke on heart function
Causes of cardioembolic stroke
Embolic stroke of undetermined source
Treatment of acute stroke
Closure of a patent foramen ovale for the prevention of stroke
Secondary stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation
Management of vascular risk factors and co-morbidities in secondary stroke prevention
Intracranial haemorrhage in patients with atrial fibrillation on anticoagulants
Atrial Fibrillation and dementia
Section 21. Cardiovascular problems in chronic kidney disease
Section editor: Christoph Wanner
Epidemiology and chronic kidney disease as a cardiovascular risk factor
Causes of death in renal disease
Pathophysiology
Cardiovascular imaging in chronic kidney disease
Prevention and drug therapy in chronic kidney disease
Device therapy in chronic kidney disease (implantable cardioverter defibrillator, cardiac resynchronization therapy)
Special considerations in patients undergoing renal replacement therapy and kidney transplant patients
Section 22. Erectile dysfunction
Section editor: Charalambos Vlachopoulos
Sex and the heart
Erectile dysfunction: definition and size of the problem
Asking
Erectile dysfunction as a marker and predictor of cardiovascular disease
Testosterone, erectile dysfunction, and the heart
Sexual function and dysfunction in women (and the effect for the couple)
Lifestyle issues
Drugs
Surgery
Management of a patient with erectile dysfunction with or without known cardiovascular disease
Section 23. Lung Disease
Section editor: Martin Cowie
Epidemiological relationships between respiratory and cardiovascular diseases
Long Term Oxygen Therapy/Ventilation and Cardiovascular outcomes in chronic lung and respiratory disease
Effect of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treatment on cardiovascular outcome
Muscle weakness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure
Pulmonary rehabilitation in Chronic Lung Disease and Heart Failure
Sleep apnoea: definition, prevalence and role in cardiovascular diseases
Sleep Related Breathing Disorders - Classification and diagnosis
Sleep apnoea: treatment options and sleep/cardiovascular outcome
Beyond positive airway pressure therapy: experimental and non-conventional treatments in sleep apnoea
Atmospheric pollution and cardiovascular risk
High-altitude pulmonary oedema
Section 24. Gastrointestinal disease
Section editor: Gerhard Rogler
Introduction
Gut microbiome, metabolic syndrome, and atherosclerosis
Gut microbiota and coronary artery disease
The gut and cardiovascular diseases
Intestinal absorption and drug levels
Chronic heart failure and liver function
Protein-losing enteropathy associated with heart disease
Section 25. Rheumatoid arthritis and the heart
Section editor: Thomas Lüscher
Introduction
Mechanisms of inflammation
Inflammatory diseases: inflammation and cardiovascular disease
Rheumatoid arthritis: basic mechanisms in joints
Anti-inflammatory therapies for cardiovascular disease
Treatment aims in rheumatoid arthritis
Inflammatory bowel disease: basic mechanisms
Inflammatory bowel disease and the heart
Psoriasis
Section 26. Rheumatic heart disease
Section editor: Ferande Peters
Introduction
Epidemiology of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease
Pathogenesis: from acute rheumatic fever to rheumatic heart disease
Clinical features and diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever
Echocardiography in acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease
Prevention and definitive therapy of acute rheumatic fever
Chronic rheumatic disease
Clinical scenarios in chronic rheumatic heart disease
Therapeutic options in chronic rheumatic heart disease
Section 27. Cardio-oncology
Section editor: John Groarke
Introduction
Radiation-induced heart disease: surveillance and management
Surveillance for cardiotoxicity in patients receiving potentially cardiotoxic chemotherapy
Anthracycline-related cardiotoxicity: epidemiology, surveillance, prophylaxis, management, and prognosis
Trastuzumab-related cardiotoxicity: epidemiology, surveillance, management, prophylaxis, and prognosis
Cardiovascular complications of novel kinase inhibitors
Cardiovascular complications of novel multiple myeloma treatments
Cardiovascular risk in men with prostate cancer
Cardiac arrhythmias and cancer therapies
Section 28. HIV
Section editor: Nombulelo P. Magula
Introduction
Epidemiology of HIV-associated cardiovascular complications
HIV-associated cardiomyopathy and myocarditis
Pericarditis and myopericarditis in HIV
Vascular disease: coronary, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease
Pulmonary hypertension: definitions, classification, diagnosis, and management
Antiretroviral treatment
Section 29. Acute coronary syndromes
Section editor: Stefan James
Introduction
The plaque
Epidemiology of acute coronary syndromes
General risk factors of acute coronary syndromes
Pathophysiology of acute coronary syndromes
Thrombotic response
Development of myocardial infarction
Diagnosis and risk stratification of acute coronary syndromes
Treatment of non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes
Treatment of ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes
Section 30. Takotsubo syndrome
Section editor: Christian Templin
Introduction
Incidence and definition of takotsubo syndrome
Mechanisms of takotsubo syndrome
Signal transduction pathways initiated by catecholamines in takotsubo syndrome: focus on nitrosative stress and energetic impairment
Triggers of takotsubo syndrome
Clinical presentation of takotsubo syndrome
Diagnostic testing in takotsubo syndrome
ECG features and arrhythmias in takotsubo syndrome
Co-morbidities in takotsubo syndrome
Management of takotsubo syndrome
Takotsubo syndrome complications, outcome, and prognosis
Section 31. Chronic ischaemic heart disease
Section editor: William Wijns
Introduction
Pathology of Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Pathophysiology of coronary circulation
Myocardial ischaemia: definition and causes
Importance of the Coronary Collateral Circulation
Coronary artery disease: from atherosclerosis to obstructive disease, inducible ischaemia, and the ischaemic cascade
Clinical symptoms of stable ischaemic heart disease
Non invasive functional evaluation
Invasive and non-invasive (computed tomography) angiography
Invasive functional evaluation
Intracoronary imaging
Risk stratification and risk scores
Medical management: lifestyle and behavioural changes
Medical management: pharmacological therapy
Myocardial revascularization: symptomatic and prognostic indications
Cost Effectiveness
Patient Reported Outcome Measures in Cardiovascular Disease
Ischaemic heart disease and diabetes
Percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary artery bypass grafting
Refractory angina
Chronic ischaemic cardiomyopathy
Microvascular angina
Vasospastic angina
Section 32. Myocardial disease
Section editor: Perry Elliott
Introduction
Classification of cardiomyopathies
General approach to diagnosis of cardiomyopathies
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: genetics
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: diagnosis and assessment of symptoms
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: medical management of heart failure symptoms and arrhythmias
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: invasive management of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: prevention of sudden cardiac death
Dilated cardiomyopathy: genetics
Dilated Cardiomyopathy - Clinical diagnosis and medical management
Dilated cardiomyopathy: management of arrhythmia and prevention of sudden cardiac death
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: genetics
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: diagnosis
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: management of symptoms and prevention of sudden cardiac death
Left ventricular non-compaction: genetics and embryology
Left ventricular non-compaction: diagnosis and clinical management
Myocarditis - Aetiology & histopathological diagnosis
Myocarditis - Clinical presentation
Myocarditis: imaging techniques
Myocarditis - Treatment of myocarditis
The heart in neuromuscular disease: primary mitochondrial diseases
The heart in neuromuscular disease: myotonic dystrophy
The Heart in Neuromuscular disease - Duchenne and Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophies
The heart in inherited metabolic disorders: lysosomal and glycogen storage diseases
Cardiac Amyloidosis
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy
Childhood cardiomyopathy
Section 33. Pericardial disease
Section editor: Yehuda Adler
Overview of pericardial syndromes
Acute and recurrent pericarditis
Pericardial effusion
Cardiac tamponade
Constrictive pericarditis
Pericardial masses and congenital abnormalities
Pericardial involvement in neoplastic disease
Multimodality imaging of pericardial diseases
Interventional therapies for pericardial diseases
Surgical therapies for pericardial disease
What next?
Section 34. Tumours of the heart
Section editor: Gaetano Thiene
Masses and cardiac tumours: classification and diagnosis
Benign cardiac tumours
Malignant tumours, pericardial tumours, and therapy
Section 35. Valvular heart disease
Section editor: Helmut Baumgartner
Introduction and general comments
Aortic regurgitation
Aortic stenosis
Mitral regurgitation
Mitral stenosis
Tricuspid regurgitation
Tricuspid stenosis
Combined and multiple valve diseases
Prosthetic valves
Management during non-cardiac surgery
Management during pregnancy
Section 36. Infective endocarditis
Section editor: Gilbert Habib
Epidemiology and physiopathology
Diagnosis
Prognosis and complications
Prosthetic valve endocarditis
Cardiac device-related endocarditis
Right-sided infective endocarditis
Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis
Congenital heart disease
Indications for surgery: guidelines
Surgical techniques
Antibiotic prophylaxis and prevention of infective endocarditis
Conclusion and future directions
Section 37. Heart failure
Section editor: John McMurray
Epidemiology of Heart Failure
Definition, epidemiology, and burden of disease: HFrEF
Definition, epidemiology, and burden of disease: HFpEF
Definitions: quality of life, health, and health-related quality of life
Chronic heart failure diagnosis: symptoms, signs, and the ECG
Chronic heart failure diagnosis: HFpEF
Chronic heart failure diagnosis: echocardiography
Chronic heart failure diagnosis: cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging
Chronic heart failure diagnosis - Biomarkers
Chronic heart failure diagnosis - Genetics
Estimating prognosis - Prognostic scores
Estimating prognosis - Biomarkers
Comorbidity (HFrEF and HFpEF) - Atrial fibrillation
Co-morbidity (HFrEF and HFpEF): diabetes mellitus
Co-morbidity (HFrEF and HFpEF): hypertension
Comorbidity (HFrEF and HFpEF) - Renal dysfunction
Comorbidity (HFrEF and HFpEF) - Anaemia/iron deficiency
Co-morbidity (HFrEF and HFpEF): obesity, cachexia, sarcopenia, and the impact of nutrition
Comorbidity (HFrEF and HFpEF) a Lung disease
Comorbidity (HFrEF and HFpEF) - Sleep disordered breathing
Comorbidity (HFrEF and HFpEF) - Cancer
Co-morbidity (HFrEF and HFpEF): valvular heart disease
HFrEF pharmacological treatment: diuretics
HFrEF pharmacological treatment: ACEIs and/or ARBs
HFrEF pharmacological treatment: angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors
HFrEF pharmacological treatment: beta blockers
HFrEF pharmacological treatment - Ivabradine
HFrEF pharmacological treatment: digitalis glycosides
HFrEF pharmacological treatment - Hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate
HFrEF other treatment: indications and results of implantable cardioverter defibrillator and cardiac resynchronization therapy
HFrEF other treatment - Revascularization
HFrEF other treatment: ventricular assist devices
Advanced Heart Failure other treatment - Transplantation
HFrEF other treatment: nurse-led heart failure management programmes
HFpEF treatment - Pharmacological therapy
Patient monitoring in heart failure
Exercise rehabilitation in heart failure
Palliative care in heart failure
Acute heart failure - Diagnosis
Acute heart failure - Immediate management/stabilization
Acute heart failure - Treatment
Section 38. Bradycardia
Section editor: Giuseppe Boriani
Introduction
Aetiology and epidemiology of bradyarrhythmias
Classification of bradyarrhythmias
Methods and tools for the diagnosis of intermittent and persistent bradycardia
Anatomy and physiology of the sinus node
The sinus node: normal and abnormal chronotropic response and drug effects
Sinus node disease: pathophysiology and natural history
Sinus node disease: ECG patterns and diagnosis
Sinus node disease: the role of electrophysiological testing
Atrial tachyarrhythmias in bradycardiaatachycardia syndrome: characterization and evolution
Anatomy and physiology of the atrioventricular node
Atrioventricular conduction abnormalities and atrioventricular blocks: ECG patterns and diagnosis
Atrioventricular conduction abnormalities and atrioventricular blocks: role of electrophysiology testing
Congenital atrioventricular blocks: clinical presentation, clinical evaluation, and management
Carotid sinus syndrome: clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management
Bradycardia in athletes: clinical evaluation and management
Cardiac pacing: basic concepts
Temporary pacing
Permanent cardiac pacing in bradyarrhythmias: device coding
Pacing for bradycardia: device features and algorithms and clinical impact
Electrocardiographic patterns of cardiac pacemakers: normal and abnormal findings
Follow-up of pacemaker patients with bradyarrhythmias: scope of follow-up and organizational issues
Pacemakers in children and adolescents
Lead management
Electromagnetic interference in pacemaker patients
Pacemaker syndrome
Section 39. Syncope
Section editor: Michele Brignole
Definition, epidemiology, classification, and pathophysiology
Diagnostic evaluation
Reflex syncope
Cardiac syncope
Orthostatic intolerance: orthostatic hypotension and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
Unexplained syncope in patients with high risk of sudden cardiac death
Recommendations of the European Society of Cardiology Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope (version 2018)
Section 40. Supraventricular tachycardias
Section editor: Carina Blomstorm-Lundqvist
Introduction
Epidemiology of supraventricular tachycardias
Atrial premature beats
Definitions, clinical presentation, symptoms, quality of life, and patient preferences
Differential diagnosis of supraventricular tachycardias
Acute management of supraventricular tachycardias with and without established diagnosis (termination and/or rate regulation of tachycardia)
Management of rapid heartbeats/tachycardias with rhythm or rate control in the absence of ECG-verified diagnosis
Management of specific supraventricular tachycardias
Sinus node-related tachycardias: physiological sinus tachycardia, inappropriate sinus tachycardia, sinus node reentrant tachycardia, and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
Atrial tachycardias: focal and multifocal atrial tachycardias
Atrial tachycardias: macroreentrant atrial tachycardias, CTI-dependent atrial flutter (clockwise, anticlockwise), and non-CTI-dependent macroreentrant atrial tachycardia
Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia
Accessory pathways-related tachycardias: Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and atrioventricular reentrant tachycardias
Concealed accessory pathways and related tachycardias
Permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia
Pre-excitation related to Mahaim physiology
Asymptomatic pre-excitation
Non-reentrant junctional tachycardias
Health economy
Section 41. Atrial fibrillation
Section editor: John Camm
Introduction
Epidemiology
Mechanisms of atrial fibrillation: electrophysiological basis
Mechanisms of atrial fibrillation: genetics
Mechanisms of atrial remodelling
Types of atrial fibrillation
Silent atrial fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation progression and prevention
Clinical investigation of patients presenting with atrial fibrillation
Management of acute presentation with atrial fibrillation rate control
Restoration of sinus rhythm: direct current cardioversion
Pharmacological cardioversion for atrial fibrillation
Rate control: medical therapy
Rate control: ablation and device therapy (ablate and pace)
Rhythm control: antiarrhythmic drugs
Development of atrial fibrillation catheter ablation and ablation strategies
Rhythm control: surgical ablation
Rate versus rhythm control therapy for atrial fibrillation
Follow-up of patients with atrial fibrillation
Stroke risk factors and risk stratification in atrial fibrillation
Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation
Bleeding risk in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation
Thromboprophylaxis in atrial fibrillation: device therapy and surgical techniques
Classification and mechanisms of atrial flutter
Atrial flutter: clinical presentation
Atrial flutter: management
Atrial fibrillation and heart failure
Atrial fibrillation and athletes
Atrial fibrillation in the elderly
Atrial fibrillation after cardiopulmonary surgery
Atrial fibrillation and hypertension
Atrial fibrillation and hyperthyroidism
Atrial fibrillation and obesity
Atrial fibrillation and sleep apnoea and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease
Atrial fibrillation in pregnancy
Atrial fibrillation associated with adult congenital heart disease
Integrated care management in atrial fibrillation
Patient education
Section 42. Ventricular tachycardia
Section editor: Brian Olshansky
Classification of ventricular tachycardias
Evaluation and acute management of wide QRS complex tachycardia
Classification and treatment of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia
Sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia associated with structural heart disease: classification, assessment, and initial treatment
Bundle branch reentry tachycardia
Electrical storm
Sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia: the role of catheter ablation
Sustained and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia and no associated heart disease (idiopathic ventricular tachycardia)
Polymorphic ventricular tachycardias including torsade de pointes
Section 43. Sudden Cardiac Death
Section editor: Gerhard Hindricks
Epidemiology and underlying substrates
Arrhythmic mechanisms of sudden cardiac death: bradycardia and tachycardia
Risk stratification for sudden cardiac death in the general population
Risk stratification for sudden cardiac death in ischaemic cardiomyopathy
Risk stratification for sudden cardiac death in dilated cardiomyopathy
Risk stratification for sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Risk stratification for sudden cardiac death in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Risk stratification for sudden cardiac death in primary electrical disorders
New techniques for risk assessment in sudden cardiac death
Prevention of sudden cardiac death in the general population
Prevention of sudden cardiac death in ischaemic cardiomyopathy
Secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death in ischaemic cardiomyopathy
Primary prevention of sudden death in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
Secondary prevention of sudden death in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
Primary prevention of sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Primary prevention of sudden cardiac death in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death after catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia
Prevention of sudden cardiac death in primary electrical disorders
The implantable cardioverter defibrillator, conclusions on sudden cardiac death, and future perspective
Section 44. Systemic hypertension
Section editor: Bryan Williams
Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Hypertension
Blood pressure measurement in hypertension: definition and classification of blood pressure levels
Target organ damage, cardiovascular disease risk, and clinical evaluation of the hypertensive patient
Secondary causes of hypertension
Blood pressure Thresholds for treatment and blood pressure treatment targets in hypertension
Sodium and potassium intake, blood pressure and cardiovascular prevention
Drug treatment of hypertension
Device based treatment for hypertension
Hypertension in Specific conditions / comorbidities
Hypertension in Special situations
Part 4 Vascular disease
Section 45. Pulmonary Hypertension
Section editor: Marc Humbert
Introduction
Pulmonary hypertension: definition
Pulmonary hypertension: epidemiology
Pathophysiologic Mechanisms in Pulmonary Hypertension
Pulmonary hypertension genes as major diagnostic tools
Mechanisms of right ventricular failure
Clinical Presentation of Pulmonary Hypertension
Life-threatening complications of pulmonary hypertension
Pulmonary hypertension: clinical classification
Echocardiographic findings in pulmonary hypertension
Screening for pulmonary arterial hypertension
Diagnosis and clinical Investigation of patients presenting with pulmonary hypertension
Management of pulmonary hypertension - Basic treatment
Management of pulmonary hypertension: targeted therapies
Management of pulmonary hypertension - Treatment algorithm
Lung transplantation in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Idiopathic pulmonary arterial Hypertension
Heritable pulmonary arterial Hypertension
Pulmonary arterial Hypertension induced by drugs and toxins
Pulmonary arterial Hypertension associated with connective tissue disease
Portopulmonary Hypertension
Pulmonary arterial Hypertension associated with congenital heart diseases
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension associated with HIV infection
Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease and/or pulmonary capillary haemangiomatois
Pulmonary hypertension due to left heart diseases
Pulmonary hypertension due to chronic lung diseases
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
'Group 5' pulmonary hypertension due to multiple and/or unclear mechanisms
Referral centres and patient education
Genetic counselling in pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension
Risk assessment and treatment goals in patients presenting with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Conclusion
Section 46. Diseases of the aorta
Section editor: Raimund Erbel
Introduction
The normal aorta
Aortic aneurysm - Thoracic aortic aneurysm - Diagnostic approach
Aortic aneurysm - Thoracic aortic aneurysm - Therapeutic options
Aortic aneurysm - Aortic arch aneurysms
Aortic aneurysm - Abdominal aortic aneurysm - Diagnostic Approach
Aortic aneurysm - Abdominal aortic aneurysm - Therapeutic options
Aortic sclerosis - Clinical signs and diagnosis
Aortic sclerosis - Therapy
Acute aortic syndrome - Diagnostic strategy and clinical features
Acute aortic syndrome: emerging role of biomarkers
Acute aortic syndrome - Aortic dissection - Ascending aortic dissection
Acute aortic syndrome - Aortic dissection - Descending aortic dissection
Acute aortic syndrome - Intramural Haematoma
Penetrating aortic ulcer
Acute aortic syndrome - Traumatic aortic injury
Acute aortic syndrome - latrogenic aortic trauma
Genetic diseases of the aorta - Chromosomal and inherited diseases
Genetic diseases of the aorta: aortic diseases related to Marfan syndrome and other genetic abnormalities
Genetic diseases of the aorta - Aortic diseases associated with bicuspid aortic valves
Aortitis - infectious and non-infectious diseases
Aortic tumor
Long-term follow-up in patients with aortic diseases
Aortic centres
Section 47. Trauma to the cardiovascular system
Section editor: Christoph Nienaber
Trauma to the cardiovascular system
Section 48. Non-cardiac surgery
Section editor: Steen Kristensen
Introduction and epidemiology
Preoperative evaluation: surgical risk for cardiac events and functional capacity risk indices
Preoperative evaluation - Biomarkers
Preoperative evaluation - Non Invasive testing
Preoperative evaluation - Angiography
Risk reduction strategies: perioperative management of cardiovascular medication
Risk reduction strategies: perioperative management in patients on antithrombotic therapy
Risk reduction strategies: coronary revascularization before non-cardiac surgery
Specific diseases: chronic heart failure/hypertension
Specific diseases: valvular heart disease
Specific diseases: arrhythmias
Specific diseases: renal disease
Specific diseases: stroke
Specific diseases: pulmonary diseases
Perioperative monitoring: transoesophageal echocardiography
Perioperative Monitoring - Right Heart catherization
Perioperative monitoring: glycaemic control
Perioperative monitoring: anaesthesiology
Conclusions and recommendations
Section 49. Peripheral arterial diseases
Section editor: Victor Aboyans
Introduction
Epidemiology and risk factors
General aspects
Antithrombotic drugs in peripheral arterial diseases
Extracranial carotid and vertebral artery disease
Upper extremity artery disease
Mesenteric artery disease
Renal artery disease
Lower extremity artery disease
Multisite artery disease
Cardiac conditions in peripheral arterial diseases
Gaps in evidence
Section 50. Venous thromboembolism
Section editor: Stavros Konstantinides
Introduction
Epidemiology and socioeconomic consequences of venous thromboembolism
Predisposing factors for first and recurrent venous thrombosis
Pathophysiology of acute pulmonary embolism
Diagnosis - clinical prediction rules and laboratory tests
Diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism and evolving imaging modalities
Prognostic assessment
Treatment - haemodynamic and respiratory support
Treatment - anticoagulation
Treatment - thrombolysis
Treatment: catheter-based intervention and inferior vena cava filters
Management of pulmonary embolism in pregnancy
Management of pulmonary embolism in patients with cancer
Risk of recurrence and optimal duration of anticoagulation
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Section 51. Venous disease
Section editor: Sebastien Schellong
Epidemiology and classification of venous disease
Imaging for venous thrombosis
Venous recanalisation
Varicose veins
Chronic venous insufficiency and post-thrombotic syndrome
PART 5. Specific Populations - gender and race
Section 52. Cardiovascular disease in women
Section editor: Noel Bairey Merz
Background
Sex and gender differences overview
Traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors
Non-traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors unique to or predominant in women
Cardiovascular disease prevention guidelines
Ischaemic heart disease in women
Heart failure in women
Valvular heart disease
Cardiac rehabilitation
Peripheral arterial disease in women
Future directions
Section 53. Pregnancy and heart disease
Section editor: Vera Regitz-Zagrosek
General considerations
Pregnancy risk assessment
Gynaecological, obstetric, and neonatological aspects
Congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertension
Aortic diseases
Valvular heart disease
Ischaemic heart disease in pregnancy
Arrhythmias in pregnancy
Cardiomyopathies and heart failure
Hypertensive disorders
Venous thromboembolism in the peripartum period
Drugs during pregnancy and breastfeeding
Section 54. Ethnicity
Section editor: Gregory H. Y. Lip
Global perspectives of hypertension and cardiovascular disease
Ethnicity and cardiovascular risk factors
Ethnicity and coronary artery disease
Ethnicity and hypertension
Ethnicity and cardiac arrhythmias
Ethnicity and heart failure
Ethnicity and inherited cardiac disease
Ethnic differences in responses to cardiovascular drugs
PART 6. Other aspects
Section 55. Sports and heart disease
Section editor: Antonio Pelliccia
Cardiovascular adaptation to exercise and sport (according to type of sport, gender, and ethnicity)
Clinical assessment of the athleteas heart: normal and abnormal ECGs in athletes
Imaging testing for differential diagnosis of the athlete's heart from structural cardiac diseases
Sudden cardiac death in athletes: implications for pre-participation evaluation and safety in sport arenas
Exercise and sport in the management of cardiovascular diseases (ischaemic heart disease, heart failure, and hypertension)
Section 56. Elderly
Section editor: Franz Messerli and Tomasz Grodzicki
Multimorbidity and polypharmacy in the elderly with cardiovascular diseases
Palliative and end-of-life care in elderly subjects with cardiovascular disease
Dementia and cardiovascular diseases
Frailty, sarcopenia, and falls in cardiovascular disease
Socioeconomic issues and cardiovascular disease (with emphasis on the caregivers)
Comprehensive geriatric assessment in cardiovascular disease
Degenerative cardiovascular disease in elderly
Lessons from European Society of Cardiology Guidelines
Arterial stiffness: from isolated systolic hypertension to syncope
Arterial stiffness: from isolated systolic hypertension to syncope
Interventions in the elderly: special considerations
Section 57. Precision medicine
Section editor: Paulus Kirchhof
Personalized medicine: an introduction
Personalized management of coronary artery disease
Disease mechanisms guiding therapy
Personalised management of atrial fibrillation
Individualized valve therapy
Genetically-modified animals as tools to personalize the study of arrhythmia mechanisms and treatment
Opportunities for personalized approaches in heart failure
Personalized Therapies for Cardiac Channelopathies
Section 58. Decision-making and Heart Team
Section editor: Patrick Serruys
The Heart Team: introduction
Heart Teams in coronary artery disease
Decision-making and Heart Teams in valvular heart disease: the transcatheter aortic valve implantation team model
Heart Teams in atrial fibrillation
Heart Teams in grown-up congenital heart disease
The Heart Team: conclusions and future perspectives
Section 59. Psychological factors and heart disease
Sectione editor: Susanne Pedersen
Introduction
Psychological factors and incident heart disease
Psychological impact of heart disease
Impact of psychological factors on outcomes
Mechanisms: psychological factors and outcomes
The wider psychosocial context
Interventions: what works for whom?
Clinical implications and future perspectives
Conclusions
Likely developments over the next 5-10 years
Personal perspective
Section 60. Interpretation of clinical trials
Section editor: John Cleland
Trial Design from a Clinical Perspective
Clinical Trial Design: Statistical Issues
Reporting Cardiovascular Clinical Trials
Principles and methods of intervention research
Interpretation
Meta-analysis
Section 61. Environment
Section editor: Thomas Münzel
Summary
Introduction
Pathophysiology of noise-induced cardiovascular diseases
Pathophysiology of air pollution-mediated cardiovascular events
Epidemiology of traffic noise and cardiometabolic disease
Epidemiology of air pollution and cardiometabolic diseases
Strategies to mitigate cardiovascular effects of noise and air pollution
Future perspectives
Conclusions
Development and challenges over the next decade
Section 62. Occupational and regulatory aspects
Section editor: Demosthenes Katritsis
Occupational risk factors for heart disease
Regulations concerning individual risk and public safety
Section 63. Economics and cost-effectiveness
Section editor: Lorenzo Mantovani
Introduction to health economics and cost-effectiveness of cardiovascular prevention
Health and economic impact of non-adherence to preventative cardiovascular medicines
Economics of new therapies in electrophysiology
Medical economics and interventional cardiology
Economics of new therapies for heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and hypercholesterolaemia
PART 7. Appendices
Cardiovascular disease risk estimation
Patient reported outcome measures
