Speculation
Within and About Science
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Product details:
- Publisher OUP USA
- Date of Publication 20 December 2018
- ISBN 9780190615055
- Binding Hardback
- No. of pages296 pages
- Size 145x213x27 mm
- Weight 431 g
- Language English 0
Categories
Short description:
Newton deplored speculation in science, Einstein reveled in it. What exactly are scientific speculations? Are they ever legitimate? Are they subject to constraints? This book defends a pragmatic approach to these issues and applies it to speculations within science (e.g., ones in fundamental physics) and to speculations about science (e.g., ones about simplicity, holism, and a "Theory of Everything").
MoreLong description:
Newton urged scientists never to speculate, only to prove by establishing experimental facts. By contrast, Einstein urged scientists to speculate freely, since only daring speculations, not experimental facts, can advance science. Who, if either, is right? Is speculation a legitimate part of science, even in the absence of testing? If so, can speculations be evaluated without testing? How?
To answer these questions it must first be determined what counts as a speculation, a task not usually investigated by those who express strong views about speculation. In Speculation, Peter Achinstein develops the basic idea that speculating involves introducing assumptions, under certain "theorizing" conditions, without knowing that there is evidence for those assumptions. This idea is made precise by utilizing a concept of "evidence" Achinstein has introduced in previous writings and also explains here. With this concept, Achinstein defends a view according to which, by contrast with Newton, speculations are crucial in science, and by contrast with Einstein, they are subject to constraints. The latter include pragmatic ones, reflecting the particular aims of the scientist in speculating, and epistemic ones that are subject to a different standard then "evidence sufficient for belief." This viewpoint is illustrated and evaluated by critically examining historical and contemporary speculations in fundamental physics as well as more general speculations within or about science, including these: nature is simple, and simplicity is a sign of truth (Newton, Einstein); a theory can only be tested "holistically" (Duhem and Quine); and there is, and must be, a "Theory of Everything" (string theorists and reductionists).
Over the past 50 years, Peter Achinstein has earned a reputation in the philosophy of science for careful, thought-provoking, and methodologically significant conceptual analyses. This new book matches that reputation...Within a crowded literature on the topic, Achinstein offers a book that is novel, rigorous, and helpful for both philosophers and scientists
Table of Contents:
Chapter 1: Scientific Speculation: A Pragmatic Approach
Chapter 2: The Complex Story Of Simplicity: Ontological and
Epistemic Speculations
Chapter 3: Non-Epistemic Simplicity: Maxwell, Newton, and
Speculation
Chapter 4: Holism Vs. Particularism: An Evidential Debate
("Find the Ether")
Chapter 5: The Ultimate Speculation: A "Theory Of
Everything" (What Is It, and Why Should We Want One?)
Chapter 6: Summing Up
