On Reference
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Product details:
- Publisher OUP Oxford
- Date of Publication 5 March 2015
- ISBN 9780198714088
- Binding Hardback
- No. of pages424 pages
- Size 240x163x29 mm
- Weight 792 g
- Language English 0
Categories
Short description:
What exactly is reference? And how can we characterize the semantic properties involved? Eighteen leading experts address the problems and debates that have arisen from these questions over the last century. They contribute to our understanding of the nature of reference, its role in cognition, and the place it should be given in semantic theory.
MoreLong description:
Most of the times we open our mouth to communicate, we talk about things. This can happen because (some of) the linguistic expressions we use have semantic properties that connect them to extra-linguistic entities. Thanks to these properties, they may be used by us to refer to things. Or, as we may also say, they themselves refer to things, though in certain cases they do so only relative to a context of use. But how can we characterize the semantic properties in question? What exactly is reference? Philosophers have been trying to answer these questions at least since Plato's Cratylus, but not until the last century, when language occupied center-stage in philosophy, did the problem come to be felt as really pressing. In the last decade of the nineteenth century, Gottlob Frege produced an account of reference that set the stage for the contemporary discussion. Nevertheless, around 1970 a number of powerful arguments against it were produced by Saul Kripke and others. As a result, many philosophers began to look at reference from a new perspective, which highlighted the crucial role played by wordly historical facts that may be unknown to the speakers. This semantic revolution, however, left us with a number of open problems. The eighteen original essays collected in this volume deal with many of these problems, thus contributing to our understanding of the nature of reference, its role in cognition, and the place it should be given in semantic theory.
an international team of renowned researchers ... cover an impressive array of theoretical issues. ... It will be of great interest to researchers working on the many subtle challenges which reference puzzles continue to raise in a quest for a uniform and articulated theory of language, thought, and perception.
Table of Contents:
Introduction - Open Problems on Reference
I. The Nature of Reference
The Illusion of Semantic Reference
Reference and Theories of Meaning as Use
Speaker's Reference and Cross-Cultural Semantics
Reference Without Cognition
Repetition and Reference
Should Proper Names Still Seem So Problematic?
II. Reference and Cognition
Thinking About an Individual
Drawing, Seeing, Referring: Reflections on Macbeth's Dagger
The Cognitive Contribution of Names
III. Reference and Semantics
Names As Predicates?
Names Not Predicates
'Literal' Uses of Proper Names
A Rejoinder to Fara's 'Literal' Uses of Proper Names'
Empty Names, Propositions, and Attitude Ascriptions
Millianism, Relationism, and Attitude Ascriptions
The Dilemma of Indefinites
A Unified Treatment of (Pro-) Nominals in Ordinary English
Individuals Explained Away