Non-Crimp Fabric Composites by Lomov, Stepan V;

Long description:

Non-crimp fabric (NCF) composites are reinforced with mats of straight (non-crimped) fibres, giving them such advantages as strength, ease of handling and low manufacturing costs. Non-crimp fabric composites provides a comprehensive review of the use of NCF composites, their manufacture and applications in engineering.

Part one covers the manufacture of non-crimp fabrics, including also topics such as structural stitching and automated defect analysis. Part two goes on to discuss the manufacture of non-crimp fabric composites, with chapters covering such topics as deformability and permeability of NCF. Part three focuses on the properties of NCF composites, with chapters on stiffness and strength, damage progression and fatigue. Finally, part four covers the applications of NCF composites, including chapters on the aerospace and automotive industries as well as wind turbines and helicopter applications. The book concludes with a discussion of cost analysis of NCF composites in engineering applications.

With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors, Non-crimp fabric composites is an essential reference for composite manufacturers and structural and mechanical engineers in industries using NCF composites, as well as academics with a research interest in the field.

Table of Contents:

Contributor contact details

Introduction

Part I: Manufacturing of non-crimp fabrics

Chapter 1: Production of non-crimp fabrics for composites

Abstract:

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Warp-knitted non-crimp fabric (NCF)

1.3 Weft-knitted NCF

1.4 Non-crimp woven fabrics

1.5 3D woven and non-interlaced NCF

1.6 Fixation by adhesion

1.7 Comparison of production technologies

1.8 Future trends

1.9 Acknowledgments

Chapter 2: Standardisation of production technologies for non-crimp fabric composites

Abstract:

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Classification and standardisation of non-crimp fabric (NCF) production methods

2.3 Outstanding patents of existing machines for the production of NCFs

2.4 The 'Hexcel patent' - EP 0972102 B1

2.5 Product patents in the production of NCFs

2.6 Immobilisation of adhesive on the surface of semi-finished textile products (DE 102008004112 A1)

Chapter 3: Structural stitching of non-crimp fabric preforms for composites

Abstract:

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Threads for structural stitching technology

3.3 Stitching technology and sewing machines

3.4 Quality aspects for structural stitching

3.5 Applications and future trends

Chapter 4: Understanding and modelling the effect of stitching on the geometry of non-crimp fabrics

Abstract:

4.1 Introduction

4.2 General parameters of the fibrous plies

4.3 Geometry of the stitching

4.4 Distortions of fibres in the plies

4.5 Change of the geometry after shear

4.6 A geometrical model of NCF

4.7 Conclusion

Chapter 5: Automated analysis of defects in non-crimp fabrics for composites

Abstract:

5.1 Motivation

5.2 Quality characteristics of non-crimp fabric (NCF)

5.3 Quality analysis of NCF by digital image analysis

5.4 Future trends

Part II: Manufacturing of non-crimp fabric composites

Chapter 6: Deformability of textile performs in the manufacture of non-crimp fabric composites

Abstract:

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Shear

6.3 Biaxial tension

6.4 Compression

6.5 Bending

6.6 Conclusion

Chapter 7: Modelling the deformability of biaxial non-crimp fabric composites

Abstract:

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Behaviour of fabric architecture on the shear and draping behaviour of non-crimp fabrics (NCFs)

7.3 Modelling strategies for NCF forming

7.4 Energy-based kinematic mapping

7.5 Finite element modelling of forming for NCFs

7.6 Future trends

7.7 Further information and advice

Chapter 8: Permeability of non-crimp fabric preforms

Abstract:

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Experimental permeability results

8.3 Geometric effects

8.4 Deformation and permeability

8.5 Conclusions

8.6 Acknowledgements

8.8 Appendix: nomenclature

Chapter 9: Understanding variability in the permeability of non-crimp fabric composite reinforcements

Abstract:

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Material characterisation

9.3 Permeability measurement

9.4 Modelling and simulation

9.5 Future trends

Chapter 10: Modelling of the permeability of non-crimp fabrics for composites

Abstract:

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Numerical simulation

10.3 Experimental validation

10.4 Parametric study

10.5 Influence of shear

10.6 Conclusion

10.7 Acknowledgements

Part III: Properties of non-crimp fabric composites

Chapter 11: Mechanical properties of non-crimp fabric (NCF) based composites: stiffness and strength

Abstract:

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Materials and composite production

11.3 Test procedures

11.4 Mechanical properties of non-crimp fabric (NCF) composites

11.5 Mechanical properties of composites based on sheared MMCF

11.6 Damage development in B2 (0ï¿1⁄2/90ï¿1⁄2) laminates

11.8 Damage initiation in non-sheared and sheared materials

11.9 Conclusions

Chapter 12: Damage progression in non-crimp fabric composites

Abstract:

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Damage progression in non-crimp fabric (NCF) composites due to in-plane loading

12.3 Damage progression in impacted NCF composites

12.4 Conclusions

Chapter 13: Fatigue in non-crimp fabric composites

Abstract:

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Fatigue in non-crimp fabric (NCF) composites

13.3 Post-fatigue residual properties

13.4 Conclusions and open questions

13.6 Appendix

Chapter 14: Mechanical properties of structurally stitched non-crimp fabric composites

Abstract:

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Materials and stitching configurations

14.3 Characterisation of structurally stitched NCF laminates

14.4 Simulation of mechanical behaviour of structurally stitched laminates

14.5 Conclusions and future trends

Chapter 15: Predicting the effect of stitching on the mechanical properties and damage of non-crimp fabric composites: finite element analysis

Abstract:

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Representative volume element (RVE) of noncrimp fabric (NCF) composites

15.3 Elastic analysis

15.4 Damage accumulation in NCF composites

15.5 Conclusions

Chapter 16: Modelling drape, stress and impact behaviour of non-crimp fabric composites

Abstract:

16.1 Finite element (FE) methods for drape, stress and impact analysis

16.2 Laminate analysis and FE stiffness for non-crimp fabric (NCF)

16.3 FE methods for infusion analysis

16.4 Draping and FE simulation

16.5 Infusion simulation

16.6 Stiffness and failure

16.7 Impact and failure

Chapter 17: Modelling stiffness and strength of non-crimp fabric composites: semi-laminar analysis

Abstract:

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Stiffness models

17.3 Strength models for non-crimp fabric (NCF) composites

17.4 Conclusions

Part IV: Applications of non-crimp fabric composites

Chapter 18: Aerospace applications of non-crimp fabric composites

Abstract:

18.1 Introduction

18.2 Aeronautic requirements

18.3 Application examples

18.4 Future trends

Chapter 19: Non-crimp fabric: preforming analysis for helicopter applications

Abstract:

19.1 Introduction

19.2 Preform techniques for non-crimp fabrics (NCFs)

19.3 Main NCF deformation mechanism observed during preforming

19.4 Preforming defect analysis

19.5 Conclusion and future trends

Chapter 20: Automotive applications of non-crimp fabric composites

Abstract:

20.1 Introduction

20.2 Applications of non-crimp fabrics (NCF) in the automotive industry

20.3 Research and development for the use of NCF in automotive applications

20.4 Future trends

20.5 Conclusion

Chapter 21: Non-crimp fabric composites in wind turbines

Abstract:

21.1 Introduction

21.2 Development of non-crimp fabric (NCF) composites in wind energy

21.3 NCF materials used in nacelle construction

21.4 Future trends

Chapter 22: Cost analysis in using non-crimp fabric composites in engineering applications

Abstract:

22.1 Introduction

22.2 Costing methodologies: current approaches

22.3 Technical cost modelling

22.4 Case study: 40ï¿1⁄2m wind turbine blade shell

22.5 Acknowledgements

Index