Life and Death at the Pestera cu Oase
A Setting for Modern Human Emergence in Europe
Series: Human Evolution Series;
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Product details:
- Publisher OUP USA
- Date of Publication 29 November 2012
- ISBN 9780195398229
- Binding Hardback
- No. of pages452 pages
- Size 221x282x27 mm
- Weight 1497 g
- Language English
- Illustrations 176 b&w/ 70 color 0
Categories
Short description:
The Pestera cu Oase has yielded the earliest modern human fossils from Europe, and an abundance of data on cave bears, karstic geology and other Late Pleistocene mammals in southeastern Europe. This volume provides the primary description and interpretation of this important Quaternary site.
MoreLong description:
The Pestera cu Oase is a sealed limestone cavern in southwestern Romania which served principally as a hibernation den for Pleistocene cave bears and wolves, but also contained the fossil remains of the earliest modern humans in Europe. Currently inaccessible except through cave diving and rock climbing, the cave preserved its contents undisturbed for tens of thousands of years. To understand the cave, its contents, the bear and wolves, and especially the humans, an international team mapped and excavated the Pestera cu Oase from 2002 to 2005, and has since analyzed its remains in detail. The result was a wealth of information on the geology and paleontology of this cave as a reflection of life in the southwestern Carpathians 40-50 thousand years ago. This volume presents those findings. Among other things, the large cave bears provided the first solid evidence of the omnivorous nature of these not-so-gentle giants. The deer remains brought into the cave by wolves are among the largest known in Europe and document the westernmost extent of the eastern (wapiti) variant of this species. And the human remains, a complete lower jaw of a young adult and a largely complete skull of an adolescent, furhish detailed information on the anatomy of the earliet modern Europeans, who were modern without being fully modern. They combine an overall distinctly modern anatomy with traits reminescent of earlier archaic humans and among the largest rear molars in the genus Homo. They thus document the initial spread of modern humans into the cul-de-sac of Europe, the complex ancestry of those humans, and the ongoing nature of human evolution after the established of people like ourselves.
MoreTable of Contents:
I. Introduction and Background
1. Introduction
Erik Trinkaus, Silviu Constantin, João Zilhão
2. Exploration and Documentation of the Pestera cu Oase
Stefan Milota, Mircea Gherase, Laurentiu Sarcina, Ricardo Rodrigo, Oana Moldovan, Erik Trinkaus, Silviu Constantin, João Zilhão
3. Problems, Approaches and Fieldwork: 2004-2005
João Zilhão, Stefan Milota, Ricardo Rodrigo, Silviu Constantin, Erik Trinkaus
II. The Cave and Its Contents
4. The Karst Geology of the Ponor-Plopa System in its Regional Context
Silviu Constantin
5. The Ponor-Plopa Cave System: Description, Sediments, and Genesis
Silviu Constantin, Cristian-Mihai Munteanu, Stefan Milota, Laurentiu Sarcina, Mircea Gherase, João Zilhão
6. Uranium-Series Dating on Speleothems from the Pestera cu Oase
Silviu Constantin, Stein-Erik Lauritzen
7. Electron Spin Resonance Dating of Vertebrate Remains from the Pestera cu Oase
Rainer Grün, Tegan Kelly, Maxime Aubert
8. Radiocarbon Dating of the Pestera cu Oase Faunal Remains
Thomas Higham, Eva Maria Wild
9. Rock Magnetic Data of Late Pleistocene sediments from the Pestera cu Oase and their Paleoclimatic Significance
Cristian Panaiotu, Catalin Petrea, Viorel Horoi, Cristina-Emilia Panaiotu, Silviu Constantin
10. The Distributions of Finds and Features
João Zilhão, Ricardo Rodrigo, Hélène Rougier, Stefan Milota
III. The Cave Bears 254
11. Cave Bear Paleontology and Paleobiology at the Pestera cu Oase: Fossil Population Structure and Size Variability
Martina Pacher, Jérôme Quilès
12. Taphonomic Analysis of the Cave Bear Remains from the Pestera cu Oase
Martina Pacher, Jérôme Quilès
13. An Ancient DNA Perspective on the Cave Bears from the Pestera cu Oase
Mathias Stiller, Michael Hofreiter
IV. The Other Vertebrates 345
14. Hyena, Wolves and Foxes from the Pestera cu Oase
Emil Stiuca, Alexandru Petculescu
15. Small Mammal Remains from the Pestera cu Oase
Alexandru Petculescu
16. The Ungulates from the Pestera cu Oase
Simon A. Parfitt, Adrian M. Lister
17. Taphonomic Considerations of the Non-Ursid Vertebrate Remains
Erik Trinkaus, Martina Pacher
18. Stable Isotopes and Dietary Patterns of the Faunal Species from the Pestera cu Oase
Erik Trinkaus, Michael P. Richards
V. The Human Remains
19. Radiocarbon Dating of the Pestera cu Oase Human Remains
Erik Trinkaus
20. The Human Mandible from the Pestera cu Oase, Oase 1
Erik Trinkaus, Hélène Rougier
21. The Human Cranium from the Pestera cu Oase, Oase 2
Hélène Rougier, Erik Trinkaus
22. Frontal Bone Contours of the Oase 2 Cranium
Sheela Athreya, Hélène Rougier
23. The Internal Cranial Morphology of Oase 2
Marcia Ponce de León, Christoph P. E. Zollikofer
24. The Dental and Alveolar Remains of Oase 1 and 2
Erik Trinkaus, Shara E. Bailey, Hélène Rougier
25. The Oase 1 Human Stable Isotopes
Michael P. Richards, Erik Trinkaus
VI. Discussion
26. The Paleoenvironmental Context of the Pestera cu Oase
Silviu Constantin, João Zilhão, Erik Trinkaus
27. Paleoanthropological Implications of the Pestera cu Oase and its Contents
Erik Trinkaus, João Zilhão
VII. References
