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  • Expelling the Poor: Atlantic Seaboard States and the Nineteenth-Century Origins of American Immigration Policy

    Expelling the Poor by Hirota, Hidetaka;

    Atlantic Seaboard States and the Nineteenth-Century Origins of American Immigration Policy

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    Product details:

    • Publisher OUP USA
    • Date of Publication 23 February 2017

    • ISBN 9780190619213
    • Binding Hardback
    • No. of pages320 pages
    • Size 157x236x30 mm
    • Weight 590 g
    • Language English
    • Illustrations 13 illus.
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    Short description:

    Expelling the Poor argues that immigration policies in nineteenth-century New York and Massachusetts, driven by cultural prejudice against the Irish and more fundamentally by economic concerns about their poverty, laid the foundations for American immigration control.

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    Long description:

    Expelling the Poor examines the origins of immigration restriction in the United States, especially deportation policy. Based on an analysis of immigration policies in major American coastal states, including New York, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Louisiana, and California, it provides the first sustained study of immigration control conducted by states prior to the introduction of federal immigration law in the late nineteenth century. The influx of impoverished Irish immigrants over the first half of the nineteenth century led nativists in New York and Massachusetts to develop policies for prohibiting the landing of destitute foreigners and deporting those already resident in the states to Europe, Canada, or other American states. No other coastal state engaged in immigration regulation with the same level of legislative effort and success as the two states. By locating the roots of American immigration control in cultural prejudice against the Irish and, more essentially, economic concerns about their poverty in nineteenth-century New York and Massachusetts, this book fundamentally revises the history of American immigration policy, which has largely focused on anti-Asian racism on the West Coast. By investigating state officials' practices of illegal removal, such as the overseas deportation of those who held American citizenship, this book reveals how the state-level treatment of destitute immigrants set precedents for the assertion by American officers of unrestricted power against undesirable aliens, which characterized later federal control. Beginning with Irish migrants' initial departure from Ireland, the book traces their transatlantic passage to North America, the process of their expulsion from the United States, and their post-deportation lives in Europe. In doing so, it places American nativism in a transnational context, demonstrating how American deportation policy operated as part of a broader legal culture of excluding non-producing members from societies in the north Atlantic world.

    A superbly disruptive new book ... Expelling the Poor helps explain the powerful federal system of subsequent centuries, but as a history of the nineteenth century, it illustrates localism and inconsistency.

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    Table of Contents:

    Acknowledgments
    Introduction
    Chapter 1 "Shovelling Out": Ireland and the Emigration of the Poor
    Chapter 2 Problems of Irish Poverty: The Rise of State Control on the Atlantic Seaboard
    Chapter 3 Different Paths: The Development of Immigration Policy in Antebellum Coastal States
    Chapter 4 Radical Nativism: The Know Nothing Movement and the Citizenship of Paupers
    Chapter 5 A New Birth of Poverty: Pauper Policy in the Age of the Civil War and Reconstruction
    Chapter 6 The Journey Continued: Post-Deportation Lives in Britain and Ireland
    Chapter 7 The Moment of Transition: State Officials, the Federal Government, and the Formation of American Immigration Policy
    Conclusion
    Appendices
    Notes
    Bibliography
    Index

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