Brain Aromatase, Estrogens, and Behavior
Series: Oxford Series in Behavioral Neuroendocrinology;
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Product details:
- Publisher OUP USA
- Date of Publication 15 November 2012
- ISBN 9780199841196
- Binding Hardback
- No. of pages560 pages
- Size 165x236x27 mm
- Weight 913 g
- Language English
- Illustrations 96 illustrations 0
Categories
Short description:
This book concerns how estrogens are synthesized in the brain and their two modes of action on behavior: a slow process involving gene transcription and a faster action at the cell membrane. The significance of the regulation and distribution of the estrogen synthesizing enzyme aromatase in the brain is also highlighted.
MoreLong description:
It is well known that the class of steroid hormones known as estrogens have powerful effects on organs related to reproduction such as the uterus and the breast. What is less well known is that estrogens also profoundly modulate brain function and behavior. Estrogens, such as estradiol, can occur in brain as the result of ovarian secretion of the hormone into the blood that then finds its way to the brain. In male vertebrates, the testes secrete androgens, such as testosterone, into the blood and this class of steroid hormones can be converted into estrogens in the brain via the action of the enzyme aromatase which is expressed in the male brain in many species. Finally estradiol can be synthesized de novo from cholesterol as it has been shown in a variety of species that all the enzymes required to synthesize estrogens are expressed in the brain. This book collects chapters by experts in the field that considers, how estradiol is synthesized in the brain and what its effects are on a variety of behaviors. Special attention is paid to the enzyme aromatase that is distributed in discrete regions of the brain and is highly regulated in a sex specific and seasonal specific manner. Recently it has become clear that estrogens can act in the brain at two very different time scales, one is rather long lasting (days to weeks) and involves the modulation of gene transcription by the hormone-receptor complex. A second mode of action is much quicker and involves the action of estrogens on cell membranes that can result in effects on second messenger systems and ultimately behavior within minutes. Thus this book highlights novel views of estrogen action that are still under-appreciated namely that estrogens have significant effects on the male brain and that they can act on two very different times scales. This volume will be of interest to both basic researchers and clinicians interested in the action of estrogens.
MoreTable of Contents:
Part I. HISTORICAL ORIGINS AND CONCEPTUAL BASIS OF THE FIELD
1. Naftolin F. The aromatization hypothesis and the discovery of estrogen synthesis by brain cells
AROMATASE, ITS BRAIN DISTRIBUTION AND REGULATION
2. Callard GV, Greytak SR, Novillo A, Cotter KA & Meyer R. Brain aromatase in fishes: Historical perspective and comparative approaches
3. Roselli CE : The Distribution and regulation of aromatase in the mammalian brain: from mice to monkeys
4. Conley A, Orr VN, Trainor BC, Berger T & Hughes A. Multiple forms of aromatase in suiforms: tissue distribution, regulation and functional significance
5. Biegon A. Fowler J, Kim S, Logan J, Pareto D & Wang G-J. Regional distribution of aromatase in the human brain
6. Saldanha CJ, Remage-Healey L & Schlinger BA. Neuroanatomical distribution of aromatase in birds: cellular and subcellular analyses
7. Pellegrini E, Vaillant C, Diotel N, Benquet P, Brion F & Kah O. Expression, regulation and potential functions of aromatase in radial glial cells of the fish brain
8. Harada N. Molecular mechanisms controlling brain aromatase expression
BEHAVIORAL (GENOMIC) EFFECTS OF LOCALLY PRODUCED ESTROGEN IN THE BRAIN
9. Clemens LG. The origin of the aromatization hypothesis 1970-1990
10. Schlinger BA & Balthazart J. Aromatase and behavior: concepts gained from studies of aromatase in the avian brain
11. Heimovics SA, Fokidis HB & Soma KK. Brain Aromatase and Territorial Aggression Across the Seasons in Male Song Sparrows
12. Cohen RE & Wade J. Testosterone metabolism in reptiles
13. Krohmer RW. Aromatase, low temperature dormancy and reproduction in the red-sided garter snake
14. Gillies GE. Differential actions of estrogens in the male and female brain: a case for sex-specific medicines
AROMATASE AND SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION
15. Sodersten P. A historical and personal perspective on the aromatization revolution: Steinach confirmed
16. McCarthy MM, Wright CL & Konkle ATM. Aromatase and sexual differentiation of the rodent brain: The old, the new and the unexpected
17. Bakker J. Aromatase and sexual differentiation: lessons from the aromatase and alpha-fetoprotein knockout mice
18. Adkins-Regan E. Aromatase, estrogens and differentiation of sexual behavior and partner preference in birds
AROMATASE AND BRAIN PROTECTION OR REPAIR
19. Azcoitia I, Arevalo MA & Garcia-Segura LM. Brain aromatase and neuroprotection in mammals
Duncan KA & Saldanha CS. Inducible aromatase in astroglia: protection and recovery from neural perturbation in birds
RAPID CHANGES IN AROMATASE ACTIVITY & RAPID EFFECTS OF ESTROGENS
20. Laredo SA & Trainor BC. Photoperiodic regulation of estrogen-dependent aggression
21. Charlier TD, Cornil CA, Ball GF & Balthazart J. Cellular mechanisms controlling rapid changes in brain aromatase activity
22. Cornil CA, Dickens MJ, Ball GF & Balthazart J. Rapid modulation of aromatase activity by social and environmental stimuli in quail
23. Tremere LA & Pinaud R. Modulation of Central Auditory Processing by a Brain-Generated Estrogen: Rapid Effects on Neural Coding, Discrimination and Behavior
24. Remage-Healey L. Acute synthesis and action of estrogens in communication circuits
25. Thompson RR & Mangiamele LA. Rapid Effects of Estradiol on Behavioral and Physiological Responses Related to Reproduction in Male Goldfish
26. Balthazart J & Ball G.F. Concluding statements and current challenges
Index
