1Design of Clinical Research and its Practical approach?????..............................................................
1.1Introduction???????????????????????..
1.2 Statistical Historical Perspectives of Clinical trail????????..
1.2.1 Global mile stone???????????????????.
1.2.2 Indian mile stone???????????????????
1.3 Clinical research????????????????????
1.3.1 Intervention?????????????????????.
1.3.2 Non intervention???????????????????
1.4Types of clinical research?????????????????.
1.4.1 Patient oriented research????????????????
1.4.2 Epidemiological and behavioral studies??????????
1.4.3 Out come and health related services research???????..
1.5Risk in clinical research???????????????????
1.6 Clinical trial???????????????????????.
1.6.1 Treatment trial????????????????????
1.6.2 Prevention trial???????????????????..
1.6.3 Quality of life trial??????????????????
1.6.4 Diagnostic trial ???????????????????..
1.7Glossary????????????????????????..
1.8 Brief concept of study design????????????????.
1.9 Experimental study????????????????????.
1.9.1 Randomized controlled trail (RCT)????????????
1.9.2 Non Randamized controlled trail (RCT)??????????.
1.10 Randomization study???????????????????.
1.10.1 Salient Properties of Randamizatin???????????.
1.11 Non randomization ???????????????????..
1.11.1 Cohort study???????????????????.
1.11.2 Selection of study subjects???????????????
1.11.3 Carrying out research on special populations???????..
1.11.4 Justice??????????????????????.
1.11.5 Obtaining data sets on exposure????????????.
1.11.6 Selection of comparison ???????????????..
1.11.7 Follow up record??????????????????.
1.11.8Compilation and inference???????????????
1.11.9 Strength of cohort study ???????????????
1.11.10 Weakness of Cohort study design???????????
1.12Cross sectional study???????????????????..
1.13 Longitudinal study????????????????????
1.14Prospective study????????????????????.
1.15 Retrospective study: case control??????????????..
1.16Case control study????????????????????..
1.17 Different phases of clinical trial??????????????..
1.18 Study population????????????????????..
1.19 Statistical issues and methods???????????????..
1.20Application of multinomial distribution in clinical trial??????.
1.21 Gehans?s Two stage design?????????????????.
1.22Two stage Simon?s Experimental design????????????.
1.23 Randomized clinical trial?????????????????.
1.23.1 Simple randomization ???????????????..
1.23.2 Block randomization ???????????????..
1.23.4 Minimization method stratification???????????..
1.24Pragmatic clinical trails (PCTs)???????????????.
1.24.1 Limitation????????????????????..
1.24.2Statistical implications of pragmatic design????????
1.25Cluster RCTs design????????????????????
1.26Cross over design?????????????????????.
1.26.1 Limitations?????????????????????.
1.27 Delayed start design????????????????????
1.27.1 Indicators?????????????????????.
12.27.2 Merits??????????????????????.
1.27.3 Demerits?????????????????????..
1.28 Randamized with drawl design????????????????
1.28.1 Merits ??????????????????????.
1.28.2 Demerits??????????????????????
1.29 Adaptive design?????????????????????
1.29.1 Merits ??????????????????????.
1.30 Non experimental methods?????????????????
1.31 New user design?????????????????????.
1.32 Glossary????????????????????????..
1.32.1 Random variable???????????????????
1.32.2 Conditional expectation????????????????
1.32.3 Conditional variance?????????????????..
2Design of Experiment approach to clinical research??
2.1Introduction???????????????????????.
2.1.1 Replication?????????????????????.
2.1.2 Randomization????????????????????.
2.1.3 Control of error???????????????????
2.2Design on single factor clinical experiments??????????..
2.3 Complete randomized design ???????????????
2.3.1Randomization???????????????????..
2.3.2 Analytical method??????????????????
2.3.3 Analysis of variance (ANOVA)????????????.
2.4Randomized complete block design ?????????????
2.4.1 Blocking techniques?????????????????
2.4.2 Randomization and lay out??????????????
2.4.3 Analytical method??????????????????.
2.4.4 Analysis of variance (ANOVA)?????????????..
2.5 Latin square design(LSD)?????????????????
2.5.1 Randomization and lay out???????????????.
2.5.2 Analytical method??????????????????..
2.6Cross over design (COD) ?????????????????
2.6.1 Data collection and documentation???????????..
2.6.2 Masking or blinding??????????????????.
2.72.7 Ethical issues?????????????????????
2.82.8 Sampling techniques?????????????????
3 Statistical Perspective approach to Selection of Sample in Clinical research????????????????
3.1 Introduction-Statistical Dealing with Success of Good Research ??.
3.2 Research Perspectives in new Horizon???????????
3.3Statistical thinking on thematic research area??????????..
3.4 Methods -Formulation and frame work of Research Project????
3.5 Sample size Determination ????????????????..
3.6Results?????????????????????????.
3.7 Merits of sample size determination??????????????
3.8Demerits of sample size determination????????????..
3.9Level of precision????????????????????
3.10The Confidence Level??????????????????..
3.11 Using a sample Size of a Similar Study???????????..
3.12Degree of Variability??????????????????.
3.13 Discussion??????????????????????..
3.1 Conclusion ???????????????????????
3.15Summary ????????????????????????
Reference????????????????????????
4 Statistical Models approach to ARV drugs ?????????..
4.1Introduction???????????????????????.
4.2Model description?????????????????????.
4.3Demographic features of HIV infected women?????????.
4.4 Intrauterine and intrapartum transmission ???????????
4.5 Transmission probability at or before birth, in the absence of ARV-Prophylaxis???????????????????????
4.6 Neural network modelling in HIV/AIDS ???????????.
4.7Application of neural net work in medical science????????.
4.84.8 Equation- survival analysis ?Model construct????????.
4.9 Model -Proof??????????????????????..
4.10Hierarchical neural nets for survival analysis??????????.
4.11Non hierarchical neural nets for Survival analysis????????.
4.12Salient findings of neural net work model fitting????????..
4.13Application of the neural net work in HIV or Medical research ???.
4.14 Modeling on assessment of quality of life of patients???????
4.15Model formulation ????????????????????
4.16 principle component analysis????????????????
4.17Model discussion?????????????????????
4.18 Summary???????????????????????.
5Statistical methods for clinical research???????????..
5.1 Bio equilance trail?????????????????????
5.2 Equivalence testing, a new gold standard????????????
5.3 Comparing two response rates????????????????
5.4 Characteristics of normal distribution?????????????.
5.5 Log normal distribution??????????????????..
6Survival analysis????????????????????..
6.1Introduction???????????????????????.
6.2 Model description????????????????????
6.3 Survival analysis?????????????????????
6.4Survival function?????????????????????.
6.5 Concept of the model ???????????????????
6.5.1 Survival function??????????????????.
6.5.2 Estimation of s(t)??????????????????.
6.5.3 Probability density function??????????????.
6.6Hazard Function(Hz)???????????????????..
6.7Hazard rate
6.7.1 Survivability of different CD4 category with HAART duration?
6.7.2 Kaplan-Meier survival curve ?????????????
6.8Exponential distribution??????????????..
5.18Gompertz ?Makeham distribution model???????..
6.9Censoring and life table methods??????????.
6.10Kaplan Meir analysis???????????????
6.11 Estimation with censored data ???????????.
6.12Non informative censoring?????????????????.
6.13Mantel-Haenszel test???????????????????.
6.14K-Sample Mantel-Haenszel test???????????????..
7 Image processing modeling on radiographic features?..
7.10Introduction??????????????????????????.
7.11Analog image processing??????????????????????
7.12Digital image processing ??????????????????
7.13Application of digital image processing????????????.
7.14 Different stages of digital image processing ??????????
7.15 Signal?????????????????????????.
7.16Relationship???????????????????????
7.17How a digital image is formed????????????????????..
7.18Overlapping fields-Machine computer vision ?????????..
7.19Computer graphics????????????????????..
7.20Artificial intelligence???????????????????
7.21 Signal processing????????????????????
7.22Signals???????????????????????
7.23Analog signal??????????????????????
7.24Human voice???????????????????????.
7.25Digital signal?????????????????????.
7.26System?????????????????????????
7.27Sampling?????????????????..
7.28Quantization??????????????????????.
7.29Application of digital image processing???????????.
7.30Image sharpening and restoration ?????????????
7.31UV imaging??????????????????????????.
7.32Transmission and encoding????????????????..
7.33Machine /Robot vision??????????????????.
7.34 Hurdle detection????????????????????..
7.35Line follower robot??????????????????????..
7.36Color processing ?????????????????????
7.37Pattern recognition????????????????????.
7.38 Video processing????????????????????.
7.39Modeling on image processing ???????????????..
7.40Camera pixels?????????????????????????
7.41Oversampling????????????????????????.
7.42Zooming???????????????????????????.
7.43 Pixel????????????????????????????
7.44 Resolution???????????????????????????
7.45Megapixels ????????????????
7.46Advantage????????????????????????
7.47 Kernel regression model for image processing?????.
7.48Advanced model of image processing ?????????
8Factors affecting drug response???????????
9Pharmokinitic modelling (PK)???????????..
10Genetic variants of drug potency??????????..
11Application of posthoc test for comparison of potency of drug trail????????????????????
12Advanced design of experiment in clinical trail????.
13Data base management of clinical research??????
14Ethical perspective approach to clinical research-experienced at National and global level??????.