Powers and Compensation in Circuits with Nonsinusoidal Current
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Product details:
- Publisher OUP Oxford
- Date of Publication 31 July 2025
- ISBN 9780198879213
- Binding Paperback
- No. of pages784 pages
- Size 234x156x36 mm
- Weight 1272 g
- Language English 608
Categories
Short description:
This book explains all the power-related physical phenomena in electrical circuits and creates fundamentals for compensation in circuits of any complexity with linear and nonlinear loads in single- and three-phase circuits using reactance, switching and hybrid compensators in terms of CPC-power based theory.
MoreLong description:
Powers and compensation in circuits with nonsinusoidal currents discusses one of the most controversial problems in electrical engineering; the definitions of electrical powers and compensation. Many approaches to explain the power properties of electrical circuits and their compensation has occurred over a vast number of publications and referred to as the “schools of power theory (PT)”. These debates have caused substantial confusion in the electrical engineering community.
The development of the Current's Physical Components (CPC)-based power theory by the author of this book was a major contribution to the debate on powers and compensation. This book explains all the power-related physical phenomena in electrical circuits and creates fundamentals for compensation in circuits of any complexity with linear and nonlinear loads in single- and three-phase circuits using reactance, switching and hybrid compensators in terms of CPC-power based theory. It also discusses some common misinterpretations of power related phenomena.
This book was written as a 'by-product' of more than 30 years of teaching at Louisiana State University of undergraduate and graduate courses on powers and compensation and supervising the development of graduate Msc. theses and Ph.D. dissertations. Therefore, this book can serve as a major reference for teaching power courses and for those involved in studies on powers and compensation in circuits with nonsinusoidal currents.
Table of Contents:
A: Circuits with Nonsinusoidal Currents and Voltages Analysis Currents' Physical Components and Powers
Introduction
Doubts and Questions
1.1 Steinmetz's Experiment
1.2 Does the Reactive Power Occur Because of Energy Oscillations?
1.3 Does Energy Oscillate in Three-Phase Supply Lines?
1.4 Do Energy Oscillations Degrade Power Factor?
1.5 What are Harmonics and Their Complex rms Value
1.6 Do Harmonics Exist as Physical Entities?
1.7 How to Describe Single-Phase Circuits in Terms of Powers?
1.8 How to Describe Harmonics Generating Loads in Terms of Powers?
1.9 How to Calculate the Apparent Power in Three-Phase Circuit?
1.10 Is the Common Power Equation of Three-Phase Circuits Right?
1.11 Is the Reactive Power Caused by Energy Storage?
1.12 Why can Capacitive Compensator Degrade Power Factor?
1.13 Why the Term: “Power Quality” is Misleading?
Sources of Current and Voltage Distortion
2.1 Nonsinusoidal Voltages and Currents: General
2.2 Distortion Measures
2.3 Harmful Effects of Distortion
2.4 Distortion Caused by Ferromagnetic Core
2.5 Current Distortion and the Power Factor
2.6 Lightning Systems as the Source of Distortion
2.7 Single-Phase Rectifier
2.8 Three-Phase Rectifier
2.9 Three-Phase Six-Pulse AC/DC Converter
2.10 Commutation as the Source of Distortion
2.11 Arc Furnace
2.12 Cycloconverter
Circuits with Nonsinusoidal Currents Analysis
3.1 Periodic Quantities
3.2 Orthogonality
3.3 Fourier Series in Complex Form
3.4 Scalar Product in Frequency-Domain
3.5 Properties of Complex Rms Values
3.6 Single-Phase LTI Circuit Analysis
3.7 Voltage-Current Relations of LTI One-Ports
3.8 Node and Mash Equations
3.9 Three-Phase, Three-Wire Circuits
3.10 Three-Phase Vectors and Their Rms Value
3.11 Three-Phase Equivalent Load in D Configuration
3.12 Three-Phase Reduced Vectors
3.13 Symmetrical Components
3.14 Orthogonality of Symmetrical Components
3.15 Asymmetry Propagation
3.16 Nonsinusoidal Voltages and Currents in Three-Phase Circuits
3.17 Orthogonality of Three-Phase Nonsinusoidal Quantities
3.18 The Sequence of Harmonic Symmetrical Components
Semi-periodic Voltages and Currents
4.1 Roots of Non-Periodicity and its Consequences
4.2 Frequency Spectra of Periodic and Non-Periodic Quantities
4.3 Concept of Semi-Periodic Currents and Voltages
4.4 Running Active Power and Rms Value
4.5 Running Scalar Product of Semi-Periodic Quantities
4.6 Quasi-Harmonics
4.7 Digital Processing of Semi-Periodic Quantities
History of Power Theory Development
5.1 Emergence of Power Terms and Power Theory
5.2 Powers in Single-Phase Circuits with Sinusoidal Current
5.3 Illovici's Reactive Power
5.4 Budeanu's Power Theory
5.5 Fryze's Power Theory
5.6 Shepherd and Zakikhani's Power Theory
5.7 Optimum Capacitance
5.8 Depenbrock's Power Theory
5.9 Kusters and Moore's Power Theory
5.10 Czarnecki's Power Theory of Single-Phase LTI Circuits
5.11 Instantaneous Reactive Power (IRP) p-q Theory
5.12 CPC in Single-Phase Circuits with Harmonics Generating Loads
5.13 CPC-Based PT of Three-Phase Circuits
5.14 FBD Method
5.15 Apparent Power in Three-Phase Circuits
5.16 Tenti's Power Theory
5.17 CPC-Based PT of Three-Phase LTI Circuits with Neutral
5.18 The State of the CPC-Based PT Development
CPC and Powers in Single-Phase Circuits
6.1 Powers and Currents' Physical Components
6.2 CPC of LTI Loads with Nonsinusoidal Voltage
6.3 Orthogonality of CPC
6.4 Power Equation of LTI Loads with Nonsinusoidal Voltage
6.5 CPC Reactive Compensability
6.6 Fryze's Decomposition in Terms of CPC
6.7 Shepherd and Zakikhani's Decomposition in Terms of CPC
6.8 Active, Scattered, and Reactive Voltage
6.9 Orthogonality of the Voltage Physical Components
6.10 Series Reactance Compensability
6.11 CPC in Circuits with Harmonics Generating Loads
6.12 Power Equation of Circuits with HGL
6.13 Power Factor of HGLs
6.14 Working, Reflected, and Detrimental Active Powers
CPC in Three-Phase Three-Wire Circuits
7.1 Troubles with the Power Equation
7.2 Currents' Physical Components in Circuits with sv&c
7.3 Orthogonality of CPC in Circuits with sv&c
7.4 Power Equation in Circuits with sv&c
7.5 CPC and the Instantaneous Power
7.6 Three-Phase Load Equivalent D Circuits
7.7 CPC in Circuits with nv&c and LTI Loads
7.8 Orthogonality of CPCs in Circuits with nv&c
7.9 Powers in Circuits with nv&c and LTI Loads
7.10 CPC in Circuits with nv&c and HGLs
7.11 Circuits with Asymmetrical Supply, sv&c, and LTI Loads
7.12 Induction Motor Supplied with Asymmetrical Voltage
7.13 Superposition-Based Current Decomposition
7.14 CPC at Asymmetrical Supply with sv&c and LTI Load
7.15 CPC at Asymmetrical Supply with nv&c and LTI Load
7.16 CPC at Asymmetrical Supply with nv&c and HGL
7.17 Active Power Components in 3p3w Circuits
CPC and Powers in Four-Wire Circuits
8.1 Neutral Conductor
8.2 Currents' Three-Phase Rms Value in 3p4w Circuit
8.3 CPC in 3p4w Circuits with sv&c and LTI Loads
8.4 Powers and Power Factor
8.5 Apparent Power of D/Y Transformer in 3p4w Circuit
8.6 Line-to-Neutral Admittances
8.7 CPC in 3p4w Circuits with nv&c and LTI Loads
8.8 Powers and Power Factor
8.9 Neutral Conductor Current
8.10 CPC in 3p4w Circuits with nv&c and HGLs
B: Filters and Compensators
Introduction
Overview of Compensation Issues
9.1 Supply Quality and Loading Quality
9.2 Negative Effects of Degraded LQ and SQ
9.3 Objectives of Compensation
9.4 Compensation Tools
9.5 Compensation at Sinusoidal Voltage and Current
9.6 Reactance Compensation at Nonsinusoidal Voltage
9.7 Resonant Harmonic Filters
9.8 Harmonics Blocking Compensators
9.8. Harmonics Blocking Compensators
9.9. Switching Compensators
9.10. Hybrid Compensators
Reactance Compensator Synthesis
10.1 Circuit Synthesis versus Analysis
10.2 Positive Real Functions
10.3 Properties of Positive Real Functions
10.4 Reactance Functions and their Properties
10.5 Admittance of Shunt Reactance Compensator
10.6 Foster Synthesis Procedures
10.7 Cauer Synthesis Procedures
10.8 Cauer Synthesis Procedures
Capacitive Compensation
11.1 Capacitive Compensation at Sinusoidal Current
11.2 Detrimental Effects of Low Power Factor
11.3 Power Factor Improvement with Capacitive Compensator
11.4 Capacitive Compensation in the Presence of Harmonics
11.5 Harmonic Amplification
11.6 Amplification of the Load-Generated Current Harmonics
11.7 Admittance as Seen from the Distribution System
11.8 Impedance as Seen from the Load-Generated Current Source
11.9 Compensator Caused Harmonic Distortion
11.10 Power Factor Components
11.11 Critical Capacitances and Resonant Frequency Control
Resonant Harmonic Filters
12.1 Principle of Operation
12.2 Traditional Design of RHFs
12.3 Frequency Properties of RHFs
12.4 Fixed POLEs Filter Design
12.5 Filter Effectiveness
12.6 Optimized RHFs
Reactance Compensation in Single-Phase Circuits
13.1 Reactance Compensation in Single-Phase Circuits
13.2 Compensator Complexity Reduction
13.3 Transmittances of the TER Compensator
13.4 TER Compensator Control in Time-Domain
13.5 Complete Reactance Compensation
Reactance Balancing Compensation in Three-Phase Three-Wire Circuits
14.1 Historical Background
14.2 Compensation in Circuits with Sinusoidal Voltage
14.3 Compensation in Circuits with Asymmetrical Sinusoidal Voltage
14.4 Compensation in Circuits with Nonsinusoidal Voltage
14.5 Reduction of the Compensator Complexity
14.6 Compensation at Asymmetrical Supply Voltage and nv&c
14.7 Adaptive Balancing Compensation
14.8 Adaptive Balancing Compensation
Reactance Balancing Compensation in Three-Phase Circuits with Neutral
15.1 Historical Background
15.2 Partial Compensation at sv&c
15.3 Complete Compensation at sv&c
15.4 Compensation at nv&c
15.5 Reduction of the Compensator Complexity
Switching Compensators
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Operation Principle
16.3 Clarke Vector
16.4 Inverter Switching Modes
16.5 Inverter Switching Control
16.6 Energy Flow and Storage
16.7 Switching Noise
16.8 Switching Compensator Control in Terms of CPC
Hybrid Compensators
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Low Frequency/High Frequency Hybrid Compensators
17.3 Reactance/HF Switching Hybrid Compensators
17.4 Hybrid Compensators of Ultra-High Power Loads
17.5 Compensation of Highly Variable Loads
C: Controversies and Disputes
Introduction
Budeanu's Power Theory Misconceptions
18.1 Misconceptions Related to Budeanu's Reactive Power
18.2 Budeanu's Reactive Power and Power Balance Principle
18.3 Misconceptions Related to Budeanu's Distortion Power
18.4 Usefulness Budeanu's PT for Compensation
Deficiencies of Fryze's Power Theory
19.1 Active and Reactive Currents Interpretations
19.2 Reactance Compensation
19.3 Switching Compensation
19.4 Fryze's Power Theory and Harmonics
Deficiencies of Kusters and Moore PT
20.1 Interpretation of Currents in the Kusters and Moore's PT
20.2 Kusters and Moore's PT and capacitive compensation
Misinterpretations of the IRP p-q Theory
21.1 Could Three-Phase Loads be Identified Instantaneously?
21.2 Instantaneous Powers and Load Identification
21.3 IRP p-q Theory Compensation Objective Misconception
Conservative PT Misconceptions
22.1 Misinterpretation of the “Reactive Energy”
22.2 “Reactive Energy” and Energy Conservation Principle
22.3 “Reactive Energy” and Stored Energy
22.4 CPT and Compensation
Meta-Theory of Electric Power
23.1 Meaning of the Meta Theory of Electric Power
23.2 What is Power Theory and its Objectives?
23.3 Domains of the Power Theory
Miscellaneous Issues
24.1 Has the Reactive Power Q any Physical Meaning?
24.2 Comments to the German Standard DIN 40110
24.3 Can Energy Rotate Around Three-Phase Supply Lines
24.4 Poynting Vector and Power Theory
24.5 Geometric Algebra in Power Theory
Literature
Index
