PakistanThe Garrison State: Origins, Evolution, Consequences (1947-2011)
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Product details:
- Publisher OUP Pakistan
- Date of Publication 30 April 2020
- ISBN 9780190702441
- Binding Paperback
- No. of pages508 pages
- Size 210x139x31 mm
- Weight 450 g
- Language English
- Illustrations 8 plates colour and black and white mix 0
Categories
Long description:
This study seeks to solve the following puzzle: In 1947, the Pakistan military was poorly trained and poorly armed. It also inherited highly vulnerable territory vis-?-vis the much bigger India, aggravated because of serious disputes with Afghanistan. Over the years, the military, or rather the Pakistan Army, continued to grow in power and influence, and progressively became the most powerful institution. Moreover, it became an institution with de facto veto powers at its disposal to overrule other actors within society including elected governments. Simultaneously, it began to acquire foreign patrons and donors willing to arm it as part of the Cold War competition (the United States), regional balance-of-power concerns (China), and ideological contestants for leadership over the Muslim world (Saudi Arabia, to contain Iranian influence). A perennial concern with defining the Islamic identity of Pakistan, exacerbated by the Afghan jihad, resulted in the convergence of internal and external factors to produce the fortress of Islam self-description that became current in the early twenty-first century. Over time, Pakistan succumbed to extremism and terrorism within, and was accused of being involved in similar activities within the South Asian region and beyond. Such developments have been ruinous to Pakistans economic and democratic development. This study explains how and why it happened.
MoreTable of Contents:
List of Illustrations
Preface
Acknowledgements
1. The Fortress of Islam: A Metaphor for a Garrison State
2. British, American, and Soviet Attitudes Towards the
Pakistan Scheme
3. The Colonial Roots of the Pakistan Army
4. The First Kashmir War, 1947-1948
5. Wooing the Americans, and Civil-Military Relations
6. The First Military Takeover
7. The 1965 War
8. Alienation between East and West Pakistan
9. Civil War and Pakistan-India War of 1971
10. The Rise and Fall of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
11. General Zia Braces the Fortress of Islam
12. The Afghan Jihad
13. Civilian Governments and the Establishment
14. Vicissitudes of the Musharraf Regime
15. Transition to Democracy and Proliferation in Terrorism
16. The United States Prepares for Exit
17. The Gory End of Osama bin Laden
18. Analysis and Conclusion
Bibliography
Index
