How We Reason
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35 217 Ft (33 540 Ft + 5% VAT)
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35 217 Ft
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Product details:
- Publisher OUP Oxford
- Date of Publication 26 October 2006
- ISBN 9780198569763
- Binding Hardback
- No. of pages584 pages
- Size 242x163x33 mm
- Weight 1129 g
- Language English
- Illustrations 18 figures; 12 black and white photographs 0
Categories
Short description:
Good reasoning can lead to success; bad reasoning can lead to catastrophe. Yet, it's not obvious how we reason, and why we make mistakes. This new book by one of the pioneers of the field, Philip Johnson-Laird, looks at the mental processes that underlie our reasoning. It provides the most accessible account yet of the science of reasoning.
MoreLong description:
Good reasoning can lead to success; bad reasoning can lead to catastrophe. Yet, it's not obvious how we reason, and why we make mistakes - so much of our mental life goes on outside our awareness. In recent years huge strides have been made into developing a scientific understanding of reasoning. This new book by one of the pioneers of the field, Philip Johnson-Laird, looks at the mental processes that underlie our reasoning. It provides the most accessible account yet of the science of reasoning.
We can all reason from our childhood onwards - but how? 'How we reason' outlines a bold approach to understanding reasoning. According to this approach, we don't rely on the laws of logic or probability - we reason by thinking about what's possible, we reason by seeing what is common to the possibilities. As the book shows, this approach can answer many of the questions about how we reason, and what causes mistakes in our reasoning that can lead to disasters such as Chernobyl. It shows why our irrational fears may become psychological illnesses, why terrorists develop 'crazy' ideologies, and how we can act in order to improve our reasoning. The book ends by looking at the role of reasoning in three extraordinary case histories: the Wright brothers' use of analogies in inventing their flyer, the cryptanalysts' deductions in breaking the German's Enigma code in World War II, and Dr. John Snow's inductive reasoning in discovering how cholera spread from one person to another.
Accessible, stimulating, and controversial, How we Reason presents a bold new approach to understanding one of the most intriguing facets of being human.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Part I - The World in our Conscious Minds
Icons and Images
Models of Possibilities: From Conjuring Tricks to Disasters
Part II - The World in our Unconscious Minds
Mental Architecture and the Unconscious
Intuitions and Unconscious Reasoning
Emotions as Inferences
Reasoning in Psychological Illnesses
Part III - How We Make Deductions
Only Connections
I'm my own Grandpa: Reasoning About Identities and Other Relations
Syllogisms and Reasoning about Properties
Isn't Everyone an Optimist? The Case of Complex Reasoning
Part IV - How We Make Inductions
Modulation: A Step Towards Induction
Knowledge and Inductions
Sherlock Holmes's Method: Abduction
The Balance of Probabilities
Part V - What Makes us Rational
Counterexamples
Truths, Lies, and the Higher Reasoning
Part VI - How We Develop our Ability to Reason
On Development
Strategies and Cultures
How We can Improve our Reasoning
Part VII - Knowledge, Beliefs, and Problems
The Puzzles of If
Causes and Obligations
Beliefs, Heresies, and Changes in Mind
How we Solve Problems
Part VIII - Expert Reasoning in Technology, Logic, and Science
Flying Bicycles: How the Wright Brothers Invented the Airplane
Unwrapping an Enigma
On the Mode of the Communication of Cholera
How we Reason
