China and the Geopolitics of Rare Earths
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Product details:
- Publisher OUP USA
- Date of Publication 30 September 2021
- ISBN 9780197598740
- Binding Paperback
- No. of pages280 pages
- Size 234x155x17 mm
- Weight 408 g
- Language English 150
Categories
Short description:
Rare earths, indispensable inputs for high tech, military, and renewable applications, remain in the hands of China, a power on the rise. Largely out of the public eye prior to 2010, rare earths, and China's monopoly over them, became international news after China "unofficially" halted exports to Japan, the United States, and Europe following a collision between Chinese and Japanese boats in the East China Sea. Featuring a new foreword, the paperback edition of China and the Geopolitics of Rare Earths examines the impacts of growing worldwide resource competition and the complexities policymakers face as they develop strategies and responses in an increasingly globalized world.
MoreLong description:
Featuring a new foreword that brings the book up to date
Rare earths are elements that are found in the Earth's crust, and are vital ingredients for the production of a wide variety of high tech, defense, and green technologies-everything from iPhones and medical technologies to wind turbines, efficiency lighting, smart bombs, and submarines. While they are not particularly "rare" in availability, they are difficult and expensive to mine. Yet, China has managed to gain control over an estimated 97 percent of the rare earth industry since the 1990s through cheap production, high export taxes, and artificial limitations of supply.
Rare earths, and China's monopoly over them, became international news after China "unofficially" curtailed exports to Japan, the United States, and Europe in 2010. This embargo followed a collision between Chinese and Japanese boats in the East China Sea, a locus of geopolitical and economic tension between the two countries. Although the World Trade Organization forced China to scrap its restrictions, it still holds a stranglehold over these elements that are so critical to the economic and security interests of the United States and its allies.
In this book, Sophia Kalantzakos argues that the 2010 rare earth crisis signaled more than just a trade dispute. Rather, it raises questions about China's use of economic statecraft, and must be regarded as a part of the larger discourse of global power relations. Importantly, she also argues that the failure of political actors in major industrial nations to enact comprehensive and effective policy solutions, or the scientific and business communities to devise sustainable rare earth production outside of China, points to future resource competition. Featuring a new foreword, the paperback edition of China and the Geopolitics of Rare Earths examines the impacts of growing worldwide resource competition and the complexities policymakers face as they develop strategies and responses in an increasingly globalized world.
Kalantzakos has produced a concise and well-written analysis of the role of China in the field of rare earth metals ... While China claims to follow free market principles at home and abroad, this account reveals with great clarity the strategies its government pursues in support of its economic and political interests. The book provides insights into a possible future trajectory of China's continued rise and is vital reading for academics and policy analysts in the field of international political economy.
Table of Contents:
Acknowledgments
Introduction: Rare Earths: A Crisis in the Making
Chapter 1: Resource Competition, Mineral Scarcity, and Economic Statecraft
Chapter 2: What are Rare Earths?
Chapter 3: Salt and Oil: Strategic Parallels
Chapter 4: How China Came to Dominate the Rare Earth Industry
Conclusions: Rare Earths: Paradigms of Connection and Disruption
Notes
Bibliography
Index
