Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Change
Series: Topics in Environmental Chemistry;
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Product details:
- Publisher OUP USA
- Date of Publication 27 May 1999
- ISBN 9780195105216
- Binding Hardback
- No. of pages688 pages
- Size 260x183x38 mm
- Weight 1418 g
- Language English
- Illustrations 16 pp colour plates, numerous graphs, tables and figures 0
Categories
Short description:
Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Change is intended as a textbook for graduate students and a reference for scientists studying the Earth's atmosphere. The book takes a largely interdisciplinary approach in examining the chemical processes in the atmosphere. It discusses the fundamental physical, chemical, and biological processes that affect the atmospheric composition; the chemical mechanisms that affect the production and the fate of important chemical
compounds; and the techniques used to investigate the chemical processes in the atmosphere. The book concludes with discussions on the problems related to the atmosphere, the relationship between the atmosphere and the global climate, and the long-term chemical evolution of the atmosphere.
Long description:
This textbook will deal with the chemical and photochemical process in the atmosphere. In particular, the book will cover the biogeochemical cycles: the processes affecting the oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogen, and carbon species: the question of ozone in the troposphere and in the stratosphere: the imoact of chemical compounds on greenhouse warming. There will also be chapters on chemical instrumentation, theoretical modeling, and atmospheric aerosols. Wayne's
book is more general and covers material (planetary atmopsheres, for example) not included in the text.
' By its nature, the field is highly interdisciplinary...This book takes such an interdisciplinary approach each chapter being written by different authors who are predominatley based at the national Centre for atmospheric Research...this book tries to cover the large field of atmospheric chemistry,and does so with some success. It will appeal to researchers in the field and make useful addition to many libraries and bookshelves'Aerosol Science
Table of Contents:
Preface
List of Authors
List of Frequently-Used Symbols
Atmospheric Chemistry and the Earth's System
Introduction
The Earth System
Further Reading
Essay: Atmospheric Chemistry and the Earth System
Part 1: Fundamentals
Atmospheric Dynamics and Transport
Introduction
The Governing Equations
Constraints on Atmospheric Motion
Zonal Means and Eddies
Atmospheric Waves
Tropospheric Circulation and Transport
Stratospheric Circulation and Transport
Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange
Further Reading
Essay: Why Understand Dynamics - And What Is "Understanding" Anyway?
Chemical and Photochemical Processes
Introduction
Radiation
Photophysical and Photochemical Processes
Chemical Reactions
Catalytic Cycles
Role of Excited States
Measurements of Rates Coefficients
Lifetimes in the Atmospheres
The Steady State Approximation
Further Reading
Essay: When Do We Know Enough about Atmospheric Chemistry?
Chemical and Photochemical Processes
Introduction
Overview of the Atmospheric Aerosol
The Role of Clouds in Tropospheric Chemistry
Single-Particle Physical Characteristics
Gas-to-Particle Conversion
Acid-Base Reactions of Aerosol Particles
Removal of Aerosols
Solubility of Gases in Particles
Mass Transfer Rates
Aqueous Reaction
Further Reading
Essay: Aerosols and Clouds: A Postscript
Trace gas Exchanges and Biogeochemical Cycles
Introductions
Surface Exchanges
The Global Water Cycle
The Global Carbon Cycle
The Global Nitrogen Cycle
The Global Sulfur Cycle
Halogens
Further Reading
Essays: The View from Outside
Part 2: Chemical Families
Hydrogen Compounds
Importance of Atmospheric Hydrogen Compounds
Scope and Definitions
Sources of Hydrogen Compunds to the Atmosphere
Chemistry of Hydrogen Compounds in the Stratosphere
Chemistry of Hydrogen Compunds in the Troposphere
Concentrations of Hydrogen Compunds in the Stratosphere
Concentrations of Hydrogen Compounds in the Traposphere
Summary
Further Reading
Essay: Hydrogen Compounds
Nitrogen Compounds
Importance of Atmospheric Odd Nitrogen
Scope and Definitions
The Role of Odd Nitrogen in the Stratosphere
Odd Nitrogen in the "Contemporary" Stratosphere
Odd Nitrogen in the Troposphere
Experimental Summary of the Influence of Odd ain ogen in the Continental Boundary Layer
NO3 Chemistry
Gaseous Acid and Particulate Nitrate Formation
Further Reading
Essay: Time's Arrow
Halogen Compounds
Introduction
Scope and Definitions
Sources of Halogens
Loss Processes of Halogen Sources Gases
Inorganic Chemistry of Halogen Species
Controlling the Detrimental Effects of Halogens on the Atmosphere
Further Reading
Essay: CFC's and Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Carbon-Containing Compounds
Scope and Definition
Atmospheric Photochemistry of Hydrocarbons
Distribution of Hydrocarbons
Further Reading
Essay: Hydrocarbons
Sulfur Compunds
Introduction
Scope and Definitions
Sulfur Compounds
Tropospheric Chemistry of Sulfur
Measurements of Sulfur Gas Abundances and Distributions
SO2 and Acid Precipitation
Stratospheric Sulfur Chemistry
Gas Phase Ionic Chemistry in the Statosphere
Further Reading
Essay: Sulfur, Aerosols, Clouds and Rain
Part 3: Tools
Observational Methods: Instruments and Platforms
Introduction
Instumentation for Constitutent Measurements
Flux Measurements
Measurements of Atmospheric Radiation
Instumentation for Aerosol and Cloud Measurements
Observing Platforms
Further Reading
Essay: From Individual Measurements to Scale Integration Strategies
Modeling
Introduction
Model Equations
Modeling Chemical Processes
Modeling Atmospheric Transport
Examples and Illustrations
Modeling Global Budgets and Biogeochemical Cycles
Data Assimilation
Inverse Modeling
Further Reading
Essay: How Complex Do Models Need to Be?
Part 4: Ozone, Climate and Global Change
Tropospheric Ozone
Introduction
Distribution and Trends
Production and Loss of ozone
major Uncertainties and Research Needs
Further Reading
Essay: Tropospheric Ozone
Middle Atmospheric Ozone
Introduction
The Ozone Distribution
Ozone Production
Ozone Destruction
Transport Effects
Polar Ozone
Ozone Peturbations
Imapct of Ozone Depletion on UV Radiation
Further Reading
Essay: Ozone depletion: From Pole to Pole
Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate
Introduction
Radiation in the Atmosphere
natural Variations: Past Climates
Impact of Anthropogenic Trace Gases on Climate
Global Warming Potentials (GWP'S)
Radiative Effects of Aerosols
Response of Climate System to Radiative Forcing
Further Reading
Essay: Can Climate Models be Validated?
Atmospheric Evolution and Global Perspective
Introduction
Atmospheric Evolution on Geological Timescales
Human Influences on the Atmosphere
Future Trends
Global Perspective
Further Reading
Essay: The Atmospheric Humankind: Our Related Futures
Appendices
A: Physical Constants and Other Data
B: Units, Conversion factors and Multiplying Prefixes
C: Atmospheric Parameters and Mixing Ratios of Chemical Constituents
D: Chemical Species in the Atmosphere
E: Rate Constants for Second-Order Gas Phase Reactions
F: Rate Constants for Association Gas Phase Reactions
G: Mass Accomidation Coefficients
H: Surface Reaction Probability
I: Saturation Vapor Pressure over Water and Ice
J: Henry's Law Coefficients
K: Aqueous Equilibrium Constants
L: Rate Constants for Aqueous Phase Reaction
M: Spectrum of Solar Extraterrestrial Actinic Flux (120-730 nm)
N: Photolysis Frequencies
Sample Problems
References
