Active Bodies
A History of Women's Physical Education in Twentieth-Century America
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Product details:
- Publisher OUP USA
- Date of Publication 21 June 2012
- ISBN 9780195168792
- Binding Hardback
- No. of pages416 pages
- Size 236x163x35 mm
- Weight 658 g
- Language English
- Illustrations 27 hts 0
Categories
Short description:
Active Bodies examines the ideas, programs, and experiences of white and black female physical educators from the introduction of mandatory gym class through the recent revolution in women's sports. Amidst sweeping changes in science, feminism, and attitudes about gender, race, and sexuality, women teachers debated how to achieve equity for their female students and themselves.
MoreLong description:
During the twentieth century, opportunities for exercise and sports grew significantly for girls and women in the United States. Among the key figures who influenced this revolution were female physical educators. Drawing on extensive archival research, Active Bodies examines the ideas, experiences, and instructional programs of white and black female physical educators who taught in public schools and diverse colleges and universities, including coed and single-sex, public and private, and predominantly white and historically black institutions. Working primarily with female students, women physical educators had to consider what an active female could and should do in comparison to boys and men. Applying concepts of sex differences, they debated the implications of female anatomy, physiology, reproductive functions, and psychosocial traits for achieving gender parity in the gym. Teachers' interpretations were conditioned by the places where they worked, as well as developments in education, feminism, and the law, society's changing attitudes about gender, race, and sexuality, and scientific controversies over the nature and significance of sex differences. While deliberating fairness for their students, women physical educators also pursued equity for themselves, as their workplaces and nascent profession often marginalized female and minority personnel. Questions of difference and equity divided the field throughout the century; while some teachers favored moderate views and incremental change, others promoted justice for their students and themselves by exerting authority at their schools, critiquing traditional concepts of "difference," and devising innovative curricula.
Exploring physical education within and beyond the gym, Active Bodies sheds new light on the enduring complexities of difference and equity in American culture.
Verbrugge's definitive history of women's physical education in the United States documents the development of a discipline that changed dramatically during the twentieth century...What may seem like a dry read, however, provides a foundation for understanding the contemporary challenges faced by girls and women in their pursuits to engage in all forms of physical activity, including competitive sport.
Table of Contents:
Acknowledgments
Introduction: Body, Science, and Difference in the Gym
1. "Who is that woman?": Female Physical Educators, 1890s-1940s
2. Active Womanhood and the Science of Sex Differences, 1890s-1940s
3. Gym Periods and Monthly Periods, 1900-1940
4. Gender, Race, and Equity: Howard University and the University of Nebraska
5. "The Joy of Hard Play": Competitive Activities for College Women, 1920s-1950s
6. Separate and Unequal: The Public Schools of Washington, D.C., 1890s-1950s
7. "It's just the gym": Female Physical Educators, 1950-2005
8. Physical Fairness: Science, Feminism, and Sex Differences, 1950-2005
9. Exercising Caution: Physical Activity and Reproductive Health, 1940-2005
Conclusion: Justice in the Gym
Notes
Select Bibliography
Index
