Brilliance in Exile by Hargittai, István; Hargittai, Balazs; Berend, Ivan T.;

Short description:

Analysis of success of Hungarian emigrant scientists during waves of emigration from the early 20th century to present, explaining how the attraction of inclsuive, tolerant societies drew them abroad, while positive legacies of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy created multiple generations of talented individuals.

Long description:

By addressing the enigma of the exceptional success of Hungarian emigrant scientists and telling their life stories, Brilliance in Exile combines scholarly analysis with fascinating portrayals of uncommon personalities. Istv&&&225;n and Balazs Hargittai discuss the conditions that led to five different waves of emigration of scientists from the early twentieth century to the present. Although these exodes were driven by a broad variety of personal motivations, the attraction of an open society with inclusiveness, tolerance, and &&&8211; needless to say &&&8211; better circumstances for working and living, was the chief force drawing them abroad.

While emigration from East to West is a general phenomenon, this book explains why and how the emigration of Hungarian scientists is distinctive. The high number of Nobel Prizes among this group is only one indicator. Multicultural tolerance, a quickly emerging, considerably Jewish, urban middle class, and a very effective secondary school system were positive legacies of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. Multiple generations, shaped by these conditions, suffered from the increasingly exclusionist, intolerant, antisemitic, and economically stagnating environment, and chose to go elsewhere. &&&8220;I would rather have roots than wings, but if I cannot have roots, I shall use wings, explained Leo Szilard, one of the fathers of the Atom Bomb.

Table of Contents:

Foreword Ivan T. Berend, Introduction, Preface Joseph A. Galamb, Philipp Lenard PART I. Early 1920s Introduction: Fleeing Ervin Bauer Stephen Brunauer Ladislaus Farkas Dennis Gabor George de Hevesy Theodore von Kármán Arthur Koestler Stephen W. Kuffler Nicholas Kurti Cornelius Lanczos John von Neumann Egon Orowan Michael Polanyi George Pólya Elizabeth Rona Leo Szilard Maria Telkes Edward Teller Eugene P. Wigner Control - Imre Bródy PART II. Late 1930s - Early 1940s Introduction: Before It Is Too Late Michael and Alice Balint Ladislao José Biro Paul Erdos John G. Kemeny Olga Kennard Peter D. Lax George J. Popjak Valentine L. Telegdi Laszlo Tisza PART III. Immediate Post-World War II Introduction: Post-War and Pre-Soviet Trauma, Endre A. Balazs Zoltan Bay Georg von Békésy Lars Ernster John C. Harsanyi Avram Hershko Georg and Eva Klein Albert Szent-Györgyi PART IV. 1956 Introduction: In the Wake of Suppressed Revolution Laszlo Z. Bito Andy Grove Peter Lengyel Joseph Nagyvary George A. OlahGabor A. Somorjai PART V. 1957&&&8210;1989 Introduction: Escape from Paradise Gyorgy Buzsaki Gabor Fodor Katalin Karikó Charles Simonyi Agnes Ullmann Control—&&&193;rpád FurkaConclusion Thirty Years Later, and Continuing, Acknowledgments, Bibliography, Index of Names