Swedish: An Essential Grammar

Swedish

An Essential Grammar
 
Kiadás sorszáma: 3, New edition
Kiadó: Routledge
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A termék adatai:

ISBN13:9781138677852
ISBN10:113867785X
Kötéstípus:Puhakötés
Terjedelem:234 oldal
Méret:234x156 mm
Súly:320 g
Nyelv:angol
Illusztrációk: 4 Illustrations, black & white; 4 Line drawings, black & white; 557 Tables, black & white
197
Témakör:
Rövid leírás:

This fully revised third edition of Swedish: An Essential Grammar incorporates changes proposed to Swedish grammar by Svenska Akademiens grammatik

Hosszú leírás:

This fully revised third edition of Swedish: An Essential Grammar incorporates changes proposed to Swedish grammar by Svenska Akademiens grammatik. Examples have been fully updated and the bibliography has been expanded.



Swedish: An Essential Grammar provides a fresh and accessible description of the language. Explanations are free of jargon and emphasis has been placed on areas of Swedish that pose a particular challenge for English-speaking learners.


The book offers:


? a clear, accessible format;


? authentic examples of language use, taken from a range of media;


? clear, jargon-free explanations of grammar.



Suitable for independent study or for class-based tuition, Swedish: An Essential Grammar continues to be an invaluable source to all learners looking to improve their knowledge of Swedish grammar.

Tartalomjegyzék:

Preface


Symbols and abbreviations used in the text



Introduction



0.1 Some advice for the beginner


0.2 Similarities between Swedish and English


0.2.1 Vocabulary


0.2.2 Grammar



Chapter 1 Pronunciation



1.1 Vowels


1.1.1 Stressed vowels and their pronunciation


1.1.2 Pronunciation of unstressed vowels


1.1.3 Vowel length


1.1.4 Syllable length


1.2 Consonants and consonant groups


1.2.1 s, z, c, sc


1.2.2 j, gj, dj, hj, lj


1.2.3 r, t, l, x, w


1.2.4 g, k, sk


1.2.5 ng, gn, kn, mn


1.2.6 rs, rd, rt, rn, rl


1.2.7 Omitting -d, -g, -t, -k, -l


1.2.8 Omitting -e


1.2.9 Voiced consonants pronounced unvoiced before -s, -t


1.2.10 Complete assimilation of -t-


1.2.11 Written and spoken forms of some common words


1.2.12 Assimilation



Chapter 2 Stress and accent



2.1 Sentence stress


2.2 Word stress


2.3 Accent


2.4 Functions of accent 1 and accent 2


2.5 Rules for accent 1 and accent 2



Chapter 3 Nouns



3.1 Gender and noun type


3.1.1 Gender


3.1.2 Gender rules


3.1.3 Types of noun


3.2 Indefinite declension


3.2.1 Indefinite forms


3.2.2 Plurals


3.2.3 Plurals ? predictability


3.2.4 Rules for predicting plural forms


3.3 Plural forms


3.3.1 Plurals in -or (first declension)


3.3.2 Plurals in -ar (second declension)


3.3.3 Plurals in -er (third declension)


3.3.4 Plurals in -r (fourth declension)


3.3.5 Plurals in -n (fifth declension)


3.3.6 Zero plurals (no plural ending, sixth declension)


3.3.7 Plurals in -s (seventh declension)


3.3.8 Collective nouns


3.3.9 Nouns with no plural form or no singular form


3.4 Differences in number between Swedish and English


3.4.1 Differences in number


3.5 Definite declension


3.5.1 Forms with end article singular


3.5.2 Forms with end article plural


3.6 Article use


3.6.1 End article in Swedish, no article in English


3.6.2 End article in Swedish, indefinite article in English


3.6.3 No article in Swedish, definite article in English


3.6.4 No article in Swedish, indefinite article in English


3.6.5 End article in Swedish, possessive pronoun in English


3.6.6 Article use with demonstrative pronouns


3.6.7 No article after the possessive


3.7 Genitives


3.7.1 The genitive



Chapter 4 Adjectives



4.1 Adjectives in outline


4.2 Indefinite declension


4.2.1 Indefinite forms ? regular


4.2.2 Indefinite forms ? variations


4.2.3 Indeclinable adjectives


4.2.4 Indefinite constructions


4.2.5 Agreement and lack of agreement


4.3 Definite declension


4.3.1 Definite form of the adjective: -e or -a?


4.3.2 Definite construction Type 1 ? den nya bilen


4.3.3 Definite construction Type 2 ? firmans nya bil


4.3.4 Definite construction Type 3 ? svenska spr?ket


4.3.5 Definite construction Type 4 ? första klass


4.3.6 Definite constructions ? summary chart


4.4 Adjectival nouns and nationality words


4.4.1 Adjectival nouns


4.4.2 Nationality words


4.5 Comparison of adjectives


4.5.1 Comparison with -are, -ast


4.5.2 Comparison with -re, -st


4.5.3 Irregular comparison


4.5.4 Comparison with mer, mest


4.5.5 Comparison ? indefinite and definite with -are and -ast


4.5.6 Use of comparatives and superlatives



Chapter 5 Pronouns



5.1 Personal and reflexive pronouns ? form


5.2 Use of personal pronouns


5.3 Reflexive pronouns


5.4 Själv


5.5 Possessive pronouns


5.6 Non-reflexive and reflexive possessives: hans or sin?


5.6.1 Non-reflexive forms


5.6.2 Reflexive forms


5.6.3 Some special uses of sin, sitt, sina


5.7 Forms of address


5.8 Demonstrative pronouns


5.9 Determinative pronouns


5.10 Relative pronouns


5.11 Interrogative pronouns


5.12 Indefinite pronouns



Chapter 6 Numerals



6.1 Cardinal and ordinal numbers


6.2 Use of cardinal and ordinal numbers


6.3 Other numerical expressions


6.4 Clock time



Chapter 7 Verbs



7.1 Verb forms in outline


7.2 The four conjugations


7.2.1 First conjugation


7.2.2 Irregular verbs of the first conjugation


7.2.3 Second conjugation


7.2.4 Irregular verbs of the second conjugation


7.2.5 Third conjugation


7.2.6 Irregular verbs of the third conjugation


7.2.7 Fourth conjugation: introduction


7.2.8 Fourth conjugation: gradation series i ? e ? i


7.2.9 Fourth conjugation: gradation series y/(j)u ? ö ? u


7.2.10 Fourth conjugation: gradation series i ? a ? u


7.2.11 Fourth conjugation: gradation series a ? o ? a


7.2.12 Fourth conjugation: gradation series ä ? a ? u


7.2.13 Fourth conjugation: minor gradation series (mixed)


7.3 Form and function


7.4 The infinitive


7.4.1 Infinitive ? verbal use


7.4.2 Infinitive ? nominal use


7.4.3 Use of the infinitive in English and Swedish


7.4.4 Translating ?-ing? forms


7.5 Present tense


7.6 Past tense


7.7 Perfect tense


7.8 Pluperfect tense


7.9 Future tense


7.10 Participles and supine


7.10.1 Supine and past participle forms


7.10.2 Use of the supine and past participle


7.10.3 Present participle


7.11 Mood and modal verbs


7.11.1 Use of modal verbs


7.11.2 Subjunctive


7.11.3 Imperative


7.12 Transitive, intransitive and reflexive verbs


7.12.1 Transitive and intransitive verbs


7.12.2 Reflexive verbs


7.13 -s forms


7.13.1 Use of -s forms


7.13.2 Passive


7.14 Translating verbs


7.14.1 Some problems in translating English verbs


7.14.2 Translating the English verb ?to be?


7.15 Compound verbs


7.15.1 Inseparable and separable compound verbs


7.15.2 Stylistic and semantic differences between separable


and inseparable compounds



Chapter 8 Adverbs



8.1 Forms of adverbs


8.2 Use of adverbs


8.3 Adverbs indicating location and motion


8.4 Some problematic adverbs


8.5 Discourse particles



Chapter 9 Interjections



9.1 Interjections



Chapter 10 Prepositions



10.1 Prepositions ? introduction


10.2 The most common Swedish prepositions


10.2.1 Av


10.2.2 Fr?n


10.2.3 För


10.2.4 I


10.2.5 Med


10.2.6 Om


10.2.7 P?


10.2.8 Till


10.2.9 Under


10.2.10 Vid


10.3 Translating prepositions


10.3.1 Some common English prepositions and their Swedish equivalents


10.3.2 Translating ?in, on, at?, etc. in expressions of time


10.3.3 Prepositions in expressions of time ? summary


10.3.4 Translating ?in, on, at? in expressions of place


10.3.5 Translating ?of?



Chapter 11 Conjunctions



11.1 Coordinating conjunctions


11.2 Subordinating conjunctions


11.3 Other subordinators


11.4 Some problematic conjunctions



Chapter 12 Word order and sentence structure



12.1 Word classes and sentence elements


12.2 Simplified introduction: Four basic rules


12.3 Sentence types


12.4 Main clause structure


12.5 Link position


12.6 Extra positions


12.7 Main clause positions (sentence elements)


12.7.1 Subject and formal subject


12.7.2 Finite verb


12.7.3 Non-finite verb


12.7.4 Clausal adverbial


12.7.5 Other adverbials


12.7.6 Objects and complements


12.7.7 Verb particle


12.7.8 Passive agent


12.7.9 Main clause structure ? extended positional scheme with examples


12.8 Moving elements within the main clause


12.8.1 Topicalization


12.8.2 Weight principle


12.8.3 Adverbial shift


12.8.4 Unstressed objects


12.8.5 Position of inte


12.8.6 Passive transformation


12.8.7 Existential sentence


12.8.8 Cleft sentence


12.9 Subordinate clauses


12.9.1 Subordinate clause as an element in the main clause sentence


12.9.2 Subordinate clause structure


12.9.3 Three types of subordinate clause with main clause structure



Chapter 13 Word formation



13.1 Compounding


13.2 Affixation


13.3 Abbreviation



Chapter 14 Orthography



14.1 Upper-case or lower-case letters?


14.2 Spelling of words ending in -m, -n



Chapter 15 Punctuation



15.1 Comma


15.2 Full stop


15.3 Colon


15.4 Exclamation mark


15.5 Apostrophe


15.6 Direct speech conventions


15.7 Hyphen



Chapter 16 Written and spoken Swedish



16.1 Words frequently omitted in spoken Swedish


16.2 Words and constructions frequently found in
spoken Swedish


16.3 Words usually found only in written Swedish



Linguistic terms



A note on Finland-Swedish



Short bibliography



Index