Private Security and the Investigative Process, Fourth Edition
GBP 135.00
Kattintson ide a feliratkozáshoz
A Prosperónál jelenleg nincsen raktáron.
| ISBN13: | 9781138489646 |
| ISBN10: | 1138489646 |
| Kötéstípus: | Keménykötés |
| Terjedelem: | 434 oldal |
| Méret: | 254x178 mm |
| Súly: | 4540 g |
| Nyelv: | angol |
| Illusztrációk: | 155 Halftones, black & white; 180 Line drawings, black & white; 29 Tables, black & white |
| 144 |
Private Security and the Investigative Process, Fourth Edition targets those students in the early phases of their study of private sector justice and the principles of investigative practice most relevant to the private security industry. The book lays out not only the basic steps taken by entry level as well advanced security professionals conducting investigations, but also provides an overview of the professional security industry and landscape as a whole.
Private Security and the Investigative Process, Fourth Edition is fully updated and continues to provide complete coverage of the investigative process for private investigations by both individuals and in corporate security environments. This edition covers emerging technology, revised legal and practical considerations for conducting interviews, and new information on case evaluation.
Written by a recognized expert in security, criminal justice, ethics, and the law?with over three decades of experience?the updated edition of this popular text covers concepts and techniques that can be applied to a variety of investigations including fraud, insurance, private, and criminal. It details the collection and preservation of evidence, the handling of witnesses, surveillance techniques, background investigations, and report writing. The book reflects best practices?and includes tips for ensuring accurate and reliable private sector security investigations. This new edition includes:
- A new section on career opportunities in paths in the investigative field
- A rundown of the leading security Industry associations and professional standards being published
- Added discussion of observational interviews include current protocols analyzing data
- Details of the current legal implications for security surveillance and practices
- Advances in technology to thwart crime and fraud in retail and other business settings
- An entirely new section on e-records from criminal and civil judgments
Authoritative, yet accessible, this book is one of the only textbooks dedicated to the subject. It also serves as an important reference for private investigators and security professionals. Complete with numerous forms, checklists, and web exercises, it provides the tools and understanding required to conduct investigations that are professional, ethical, and effective.
Contents
Preface............................................................................................................................................ xiii
Acknowledgments.............................................................................................................................xv
Author Bio.......................................................................................................................................xvii
Chapter 1 Introduction to the Private Security Industry and the Investigative Process................1
1.1 The Private Security Industry: Overview and Context......................................1
1.1.1 The Contemporary State of Private Security........................................1
1.1.2 Classifications and Functions of the Private Security Industry............3
1.2 The Private Security Industry and Privatization................................................4
1.3 The Role of Private Security and the Investigative Process............................. 11
1.3.1 Investigative Activities Commonly Encountered by
Private Security................................................................................... 14
1.4 Conclusion and Final Thoughts........................................................................ 17
Notes............................................................................................................................ 19
Chapter 2 General Characteristics of a Competent Investigator..................................................23
2.1 Introduction......................................................................................................23
2.2 A Private versus Public Mentality....................................................................23
2.2.1 Objectivity and Investigative Practice.................................................26
2.2.2 Logic and Investigative Practice.........................................................27
2.2.3 Perseverance, Diligence, and Investigative Practice...........................29
2.3 Human Relations Skills and Investigative Practice.......................................... 31
2.4 Ethics and the Investigative Process................................................................ 33
Notes............................................................................................................................ 43
Chapter 3 Interview and Case Evaluation.................................................................................... 47
3.1 Introduction: The Interview and the Investigator............................................. 47
3.2 Initial Interview................................................................................................48
3.2.1 Initial Interview: Administrative Requirements.................................49
3.2.1.1 Authorization and Release...................................................50
3.2.1.2 Interview Information or Fact Sheets.................................. 51
3.2.1.3 Follow-Up Letter................................................................. 71
3.2.2 Recording Interview Impressions....................................................... 74
3.3 Case Evaluation and Subsequent Interviews.................................................... 75
Notes............................................................................................................................ 79
Chapter 4 Witness Testimony and Evidence in the Private Security Industry............................ 81
4.1 The Purpose of Witnesses................................................................................ 81
4.2 Types of Witnesses...........................................................................................82
4.2.1 Missing or Unknown Witnesses..........................................................82
4.2.2 Lay Witnesses......................................................................................83
4.2.3 Expert Witnesses.................................................................................85
4.2.3.1 Qualifications of the Expert.................................................85
4.2.3.2 Sources of Expert Witnesses...............................................93
4.2.3.3 Expert Service Contracts.....................................................94
4.2.4 Character Witnesses............................................................................96
4.3 Processing Witnesses.......................................................................................96
4.4 Conclusion........................................................................................................99
Notes............................................................................................................................99
Chapter 5 Collection of Information.......................................................................................... 103
5.1 The Nature of Information and the Rules of Collection................................ 103
5.2 Leads and Contacts for the Private Investigator............................................. 106
5.3 Public Sources of Information........................................................................ 108
5.3.1 Federal Agencies............................................................................... 110
5.3.2 State and Local Agencies.................................................................. 111
5.4 Private Sources of Information...................................................................... 113
5.4.1 Directories, Databases, and Atlases.................................................. 113
5.4.1.1 Business Databases............................................................ 115
5.4.1.2 Miscellaneous Databases................................................... 115
5.4.2 Libraries............................................................................................ 116
5.4.3 Newspapers....................................................................................... 117
5.4.4 The Internet and Web-Based Searches............................................. 118
5.4.4.1 Social Media Searches....................................................... 118
5.4.5 Professional Associations and Groups.............................................. 118
5.4.6 Auto Records..................................................................................... 119
5.5 The Background Investigation........................................................................ 119
5.6 Real Property Title Search............................................................................. 122
5.7 Conclusion...................................................................................................... 125
Notes.......................................................................................................................... 125
Chapter 6 Collection of Evidence and Preservation of the Scene............................................. 129
6.1 Investigative Technique: Initial Scene Visitation........................................... 129
6.2 Investigative Technique: Preliminary Evidence Collection Strategies.......... 133
6.3 Investigative Technique: Scene Sketches and Other Graphic Portrayals....... 144
6.3.1 Rules for Sketching........................................................................... 144
6.3.2 Rules for Measuring.......................................................................... 147
6.4 Investigative Technique: Photographic Evidence........................................... 148
6.4.1 Location of Crime Scene................................................................... 150
6.4.2 Photography and Special Applications............................................. 150
6.4.2.1 Vehicular Accidents and Related Auto Claims................. 150
6.4.2.2 Bodily Injuries and Photographic Method........................ 154
6.4.2.3 Arson/Insurance Fraud and Photographic Evidence......... 156
6.4.2.4 Burglary/Criminal Trespass/Forcible Theft and
Photographic Evidence...................................................... 156
6.4.2.5 Drug and Alcohol Abuse and Photographic Evidence...... 157
6.5 Investigative Technique: Documentary Evidence.......................................... 159
6.5.1 Police Records................................................................................... 159
6.5.1.1 Alcohol or Chemical Reports............................................ 159
6.5.1.2 Accident Reports............................................................... 159
6.5.1.3 Domestic Relations Documentation.................................. 159
6.5.1.4 Radio Logs......................................................................... 159
6.5.1.5 Arrest Reports?Narcotics................................................ 159
6.5.1.6 Violence in the Workplace................................................. 159
6.5.1.7 Missing Person Reports..................................................... 163
6.5.1.8 Disposition Sheets.............................................................. 163
6.5.1.9 Suspect Descriptions.......................................................... 163
6.6 Investigative Technique: Medical Records..................................................... 167
6.7 Investigative Technique: Records Involving Economic Damages................. 173
6.8 Investigative Technique: Preservation of Evidence........................................ 175
6.9 Conclusion...................................................................................................... 182
Notes.......................................................................................................................... 183
Chapter 7 Surveillance Techniques........................................................................................... 187
7.1 Purposes and Functions.................................................................................. 187
7.2 Tactics and Strategy in Surveillance.............................................................. 189
7.2.1 What Are the Steps of Surveillance?................................................ 189
7.2.2 The Precise Objective of Surveillance.............................................. 191
7.2.3 The Location of Surveillance............................................................ 192
7.2.4 Time of Surveillance......................................................................... 192
7.2.5 The Subject or Target of Surveillance............................................... 192
7.3 Surveillance: Preparatory Steps..................................................................... 194
7.3.1 Personal Behavior and Attire............................................................ 194
7.3.2 Surveillance Equipment.................................................................... 194
7.3.2.1 CCTV Equipment.............................................................. 195
7.3.2.2 Photographic/Video Equipment........................................ 197
7.4 Types of Surveillance.....................................................................................200
7.4.1 Stationary Surveillance..................................................................... 201
7.4.2 Moving Surveillance......................................................................... 201
7.4.2.1 Foot Surveillance............................................................... 201
7.4.2.2 Auto Surveillance..............................................................204
7.4.3 Hybrid and Other Special Surveillance Techniques......................... 212
7.4.3.1 Foot and Auto Surveillance............................................... 212
7.4.3.2 Surveillance at Bus Stops.................................................. 213
7.4.3.3 Use of Pretext..................................................................... 213
7.5 Surveillance Forms and Reports.................................................................... 216
7.6 Conclusion......................................................................................................220
Notes.......................................................................................................................... 221
Chapter 8 Report Writing...........................................................................................................223
8.1 Introduction....................................................................................................223
8.1.1 Report Writing Promotes Efficiency in the Investigative Process.......223
8.1.2 Reports and Memory.........................................................................224
8.1.3 Investigative Reports and Organizational Method............................224
8.1.4 Investigative Reports as Proof of Services Rendered.......................225
8.2 Investigative Report Writing: Standards for Authorship................................225
8.2.1 Investigative Field Notes: A Preliminary Step..................................226
8.2.2 The Essential Qualities of an Investigative Report:
Accurate, Brief, and Complete..........................................................227
8.2.3 Investigative Report Design..............................................................229
8.3 Standard Reports for the Private Investigator................................................ 231
8.3.1 Investigative Activity Reports........................................................... 232
8.3.1.1 Daily Reports..................................................................... 232
8.3.1.2 Review Reports.................................................................. 232
8.3.1.3 Patrol and Observation Reports......................................... 232
8.3.1.4 Surveillance Reports.......................................................... 232
8.3.1.5 Missing Person Reports..................................................... 232
8.3.1.6 Undercover Investigation Reports.....................................238
8.3.1.7 Bomb Search Reports........................................................238
8.3.1.8 Inspection Reports.............................................................238
8.3.1.9 Security Incident Reports.................................................. 239
8.3.1.10 Investigative Reports......................................................... 239
8.3.1.11 Traffic Reports...................................................................248
8.3.1.12 Property Reports................................................................248
8.3.1.13 Basic Security Survey........................................................249
8.3.2 Major Criminal Documentation........................................................ 253
8.3.2.1 The Offense Report........................................................... 253
8.3.2.2 Arrest Report.....................................................................254
8.3.2.3 Defendant?s Statement.......................................................254
8.4 Conclusion...................................................................................................... 259
Notes.......................................................................................................................... 259
Chapter 9 Investigative Method and Technique: Theft/Property Offenses............................... 261
9.1 Introduction.................................................................................................... 261
9.2 Shoplifting and Retail Theft...........................................................................264
9.2.1 Rationalizations and Justifications for Shoplifting and
Retail Theft.......................................................................................264
9.2.2 Shoplifting Methods..........................................................................265
9.2.3 Shoplifting Identification................................................................... 267
9.2.4 Shoplifting Investigation...................................................................268
9.3 Internal Theft by Employees..........................................................................269
9.3.1 Reasons and Rationales for Internal Theft........................................ 270
9.3.2 Theft Strategies................................................................................. 271
9.3.3 Investigating Theft............................................................................ 272
9.3.4 Obtaining Confessions or Statements............................................... 273
9.4 Burglary and the Private Investigator............................................................. 275
9.5 Defensive Techniques to Minimize Property Losses from
Theft and Burglary.........................................................................................282
9.5.1 Tactics and Strategies........................................................................282
9.5.1.1 Site Security Surveys and Their Application....................282
9.5.1.2 Determining Organizational Characteristics.....................282
9.5.1.3 Theft Tests.........................................................................282
9.6 Missing or Stolen Property............................................................................. 291
9.7 Conclusion...................................................................................................... 295
Notes..........................................................................................................................295
Chapter 10 Investigative Method and Technique: Insurance Cases............................................299
10.1 Introduction....................................................................................................299
10.2 Investigative Application and Method in Specific Cases...............................300
10.2.1 Insurance Property Claims in Fire and Arson..................................300
10.2.2 Workers? Compensation....................................................................309
10.2.3 Disability Claims.............................................................................. 316
10.2.4 Auto Liability Claims........................................................................ 317
10.2.4.1 Policy Declaration............................................................. 318
10.2.4.2 Processing the Auto Liability Case................................... 320
10.3 Special Problems: Auto Theft, Fraud, and Parts Pilferage............................ 328
10.3.1 Auto Identification Systems.............................................................. 331
10.3.1.1 VIN Systems...................................................................... 331
10.3.1.2 Parts................................................................................... 332
10.4 Conclusion...................................................................................................... 333
Notes.......................................................................................................................... 333
Chapter 11 Investigative Method and Technique: Background Investigations............................ 337
11.1 Introduction.................................................................................................... 337
11.2 Background Investigation Basics.................................................................... 339
11.3 Background Issues.......................................................................................... 342
11.3.1 Establishing Identity..........................................................................344
11.3.2 Employment History......................................................................... 350
11.3.3 Credit History.................................................................................... 354
11.4 Alternative Methods of Background Review.................................................365
11.4.1 References.........................................................................................365
11.4.2 Consultative Services........................................................................368
11.4.3 The Polygraph Test............................................................................369
11.5 Comprehensive Background Report...............................................................369
11.6 Conclusion...................................................................................................... 375
Notes.......................................................................................................................... 375
Chapter 12 The Security Office: Administrative Issues.............................................................. 379
12.1 Some General Principles of Office Administration....................................... 379
12.2 Timekeeping Methods.................................................................................... 381
12.3 The Value of Administrative Documents....................................................... 382
12.3.1 Software Considerations................................................................... 385
12.4 Filing Systems................................................................................................ 388
12.4.1 Setup and Maintenance..................................................................... 388
12.4.2 Tickler Files.......................................................................................390
12.4.3 Software Considerations................................................................... 392
12.5 Billing............................................................................................................. 392
12.5.1 Software Considerations...................................................................404
12.6 Conclusion......................................................................................................407
Notes..........................................................................................................................407
Index...............................................................................................................................................409
